名师指导有用的英语写作训练方法(2)
名师指导有用的英语写作训练方法
二、句子训练
英语句子类型并不复杂,从结构上可分为简单句、并列句、复杂句。从功能上分为陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句。教师要培养学生综合使用不同句子类型的意识。
具体方法如下:
1.代入法。
这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。学生在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后,结合一定的语法知识,按照句子的结构特点,直接用英语代入相应的句式即可。如:
1)那项比赛吸引了大批观众。
The match attracted a large crowd.
2)他把蛋糕分成4 块。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
2.还原法。
即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如:
1)这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
还原为陈述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
2)他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.还原为非强调句:Because he loved my money,hemarried me.
3.分解法。
就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少写错句子的几率。如:
1)我们要干就要干好。
If we do a thing,we should do it well.
2)从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。
There are students here from all over the country. Manyof them are from the North.
4.合并法。
就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如:
1) 我们迷路了,这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we gotlost.
2)狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success dependson their coopera-tion.
5.移位法。
由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异,根据表达的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
1) 他发现赚点外快很容易。He found it easy to earnextra money.
注:it 在此为形式宾语,真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money.
2)直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.注:not…until…为英语中的固定句式,其意为“直到……才……”。
6.意译法。
有的同学在写句子时,一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达,就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实,此时我们可以设法绕开难点,在保持原意的基础上,用不同的表达方式写出来。如:
1) 有志者事竟成。Where there is a will,there is away.
2)你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中,悉听尊便。
You can go with us or stay at home,whichever youchoose.
当然,同学们在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。处处留心皆学问。只要加强知识的积累,一定还会有更多更好的方法。
三、段落组织方法训练
主题句是表达段落主题的句子,用以概括大意,表明作者的观点、态度,或指出作者的写作意图,是段落中心思想的体现,因此是段落的核心。主题句限制着在段落中讨论的主题范围,文章发展的模式,是整个段落的纲领。主题句的好坏,直接关系到段落的成功与否。主题句出现的位置有以下三种情况:
1.段首主题句。
主题句一般位于句首,这符合英国民族的思维特点。开门见山提出主题,随后辅以详细说明。例如:【范例】Imust study hard so that I could catch up with my classmates.I had to stay at home during my last hollidays.I began tolearn the lessons by myself. I studied some of my subjectsfrom classroom. Usually I read English in the morning anddid my homework in the afternoon. I telephoned my teachersand classmates when I had questions in my studies. Theygave me much help. Now I know it is important to learn howto study. I think I must study harder than before.
2.段中主题句。
有时为了使段落多样化,主题句也可居于段中。例如:
【范例】In 2005 you will sleep later because your job willstart later in the morning. This is just one of the many waysthat will make life in 2005 different from what it is today.Too,machines will do most of your routine work for you.Also,you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore,you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone.Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distantplaces since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.
3.段尾主题句。
用推理方法展开段落时,主题句往往位于句末。例如:【范例】May 6,2003. Sunday Sunny? Today I went toa park. When I was playing,I saw a girl. She was eatingbananas. After eating,she threw some banana skins on theground. I think it's a bad behavior. We shouldn't do likethat. We must protect environment and keep our environmentclean and beautiful.
四、完整作文写作训练
作文训练重点要放在常见的描写、记叙、说明和议论四种文体上,教师应指导学生抓住四种不同问题的写作特点,强调四种问题的用词特点、语言风格和谋篇布局。