英语常见副词用法详解(8)
英语常见副词用法详解
副词(短语)也可用在被动结构中，位置在be和过去分词之间：
It will be altogether forgotten.The workers were fully employed.It is earnestly hoped that… The war is need- lessly prolonged.
1677 4)如果有几类副词(短语)一起用，它们的顺序可安排如下：
肯定 地点 方式 频度 时间
He probably went to Japan by air twice in 1962.
We met there unexpectedly last Monday.
He's certainly gone abroad with his wife recently.
I studied in London under Mr.A for a year.
1678 5)如果有两个时间状语，表示较小单位时间的状语宜放在较大单位时间的前面：
I will meet you at three o'clock tomorrow.I saw the film on Tuesday evening last week.
如果较大单位时间比较重要，或较小单位时间是后来想起的，则其顺序也可以颠倒：
I arrived yesterday afternoon，about five o'clock.She and I got married in 1968，in the month of July.
1679 6)有两个地点状语时，较小的单位一般放在前面，但有时也不如此，其顺序往往根据文体或句子平衡的需要来安排：
He lived at a small village in a northern state.We spent the holidays at a cottage in the mountains.We spent the holidays in the mountains，at a cottage we rented from a friend.
1680 7)最好不要把所有的状语放在一个地方：
I returned “to the village”“ by train”“before dark”“one day”.(不好)
“One day before dark” I returned “to the village”“ by train.”(较好)
1681 8)如果把几个状语放在一起，通常宜于把最短的放在前面，把最长的放在最后：
He arrived“silently”“after all his companions”.He slept “soundly”“on a very large bed”.He sat“down”“by mistake”“on the back of a sleeping crocodile”.
“Tomorrow” “at five” “when it begins to dawn”， I shall go to a distant city. I shall stay “here”“for three days ” “while the festival is going on”.“Yesterday”“just before breakfast”“when I was writing a letter”， Mr.A called at my house.(先是单词，然后是短语，最后是从句。)
1682 9)像refer to，insist on， beware of;play hell with，take care of，lay stress on;live up to，put up with， look down on;line up，get along，fool about，carry on， give forth，gamble away这样的成语最好不要分开：
He has always firmly and passionately believed in manners.(比 believed firmly and passionately in manners.好)
He depends upon his uncle for his education.(比depends for his education upon his uncle好)
she looks patiently after the baby.(中间有时可插入短的状语)
1683 10)包含 this，that， like， such， so， thus， the这类词的状语，和其他与前面句子或段落有关的状语，最好放在主语前面：
Just at that moment，a man came.At such a sight，they all shuddered.In this manner he died.So they said.So I do.So do I.Thus they started the rebellion.Here he stopped.After the war， many were starved.In like manner they were killed.From what has been said，this theory is very easy to understand.
1684 11)放在动词前的状语带有装饰性，有时可以省掉，而放在动词后面的状语比较强调，更为重要：
They suddeny attacked us.They attacked us suddenly.
We quietly went away.We went away quietly.
I immediately corrected it.I corrected it immediately.
I often go to the pictures.I go to the pictures very often.
1685 12)一个状语，为了强调而加以重复时，必须放在句子前面：
She decides to go tomorrow，and tomorrow she must go.
She cried sorrowfully，and sorrowfully everyone sighed.
John learned Chinese with difficulty，and with difficulty he had learned everything.
(Cf.He is as happy as happy(形容词)can be.If moth- er thinks I must have a wife，wife(名词)I must have.)
1686 13)最好不要把状语放在两个动词之间，以免意思含糊不清。下面句子都不妥当，需要改正。例如在第一个句子中，如果immediately修饰第一个动词，那它应当放在wrote的前面，反之，如果它修饰第二个动词，它就应当放在 tell the news后面：
I wrote immediately to tell him the news.
I have telephoned to him three times to come.(最好说 I have three times telephoned to him to come.或是说 I have telephoned to him to come three times.)
To inform him immediately I rang him up.(在 immediately之后应加一逗号)
下面例句是正确的：
My son now and then asked(×) to follow me to the cinema.He earnestly hoped(×) to see me.John kindly suggested(×) taking care of my little girl.She candidly admitted(×) having gone out with her boyfriend.(“×”表示状语不宜放的位置。)
1687 14)如果主要动词前有两个助动词，修饰整个句子的副词(特别是频度及肯定副词)要放在两个助动词之间，而修饰主要动词的副词(特别是方式副词)应放在这个动词的前面：
a) Tigers have often been discovered in this area.
You can never have seen such a beautiful place.
He will probably be made President of the Company.
He has surely been punished for his offence.
He may，unfortunately，be killed by robbers.
b) This decision will be publicly announced.
I would have carefully done it，if it had been useful.
He must have seriously considered this matter.
1688 15)要使副词(短语)尽可能靠近它修饰的动词：
We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday.(不好)
We went yesterday to…capital.(较好)
Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me.(不好)
A guest…me yesterday.(较好)
Immediately，he told me to leave his house.(不好)
He told me to leave his house immediately.(较好)
1689 16)某些副词，如 only， alone， also， too， even，可能只与某个词有关，应尽量使之靠近这个词：
Only John(n.)(Nobody else) saw Mary there two days ago.
John only saw(v.)Mary(did not talk with her) there two days ago.
John saw only Mary(n.)( not anybody else) there two days ago.
John saw Mary only there(adv.)(not in any other place) two days ago.
John saw Mary there only two days ago(adv-phrase) (not more than two days ago).
He alone( Nobody else) loves her.
He loved her alone( nobody else).
He loves her for her simplicity alone(not for any other reason).
Even John(not only his elder brothers and sisters) writes articles for the newspaper.
John even writes articles for the newspaper(not only does other things less important).
John writes even articles for the newspaper(not only letters， which are easier to write).
John writes articles even for the newspaper(not only for his own school).
Her husband，too(not only she)，spends a lot of money.
Her husband spends a lot of money， too(not only earns so much).
Her husbnad spends a lot of money on dress too(not only on other things).
1690 17)一个包含否定词(或有否定意义的词)的副词(短语)可以放在“助动词+主语+主要动词”的前面来加以强调：
Nowhere can I find a cleaner place.(否定的地点副词或短语)
In no other land do I wish to live and die.
Neither from the north nor from the south does he come.
Only to Asia(=To no other places than Asia) can we export our goods
From the Middle East alone(=From no other areas than the Middle East) does this country obtain its oil.
Not until sixteen had this great writer learned to write.
(否定的时间副词或短语)
Never have I said anything to him.(正确)
No have I said anything to him.(错句，not虽为否定词，都必须用在短语中，不能单独这样用。)
No to anyone have I said anything.(正确)
No sooner had I touch the pillow than I fell asleep.
For only a few(= not many)months could my married life be called happy.
Less than a month have I learned to cook.
No a fig does he care!(程度副词或短语)
If you do not know her，much(even， still)less do I.
If you can't answer the question，no more can I.
Least of all could I kill anyone.
Hardly(or Scarcely)(=Not quite) had he seen me when he called out to me.
Never in all her life has she seen such a handsome man.
(频度副词或短语)
Rarely(or Seldom)(= Not often)did he notice such a matter.
Not infrequently may I get the permission to see the boss.
No longer can I stand his impudence.
By no means must you say that.(方式副词或短语)
Under(or In) no circumstances must anyone violate the rules.
Only by stealing can he make his living.
Only when one has enough to eat can one be honest.(副词+状语从句)
No though you made a request would he agree.
Hardly ever has there been any case like that.(注意there been的位置)
Never will there be any World War Ⅲ.
不过，要是一个短语，虽然包含否定词，却没有否定意义，句子仍用正常语序：
Not long(= A short time)ago I still saw him.(不要说did I still see him.)
Not many(= A few) months later， he came again.
Not infrequently(=Often) he told me the same story.
(也可说 did he tell…)
Not only she agreed，but also her husband said “yes”.
(也可说 Not only did she agree…)
尽管副词(短语)并不是否定的，间或也可有“副词(短语)+助动词+主语+主要动词”这样的语序：
In vain have I written all these articles.
From time to time has he said that，but nobody cares.
Still more was I impressed with her manners.
Many a night did John wait for her at the corner.
Of the fifty students，can only five pass this year.
1691 18)副词(短语)，特别是地点和时间副词(短语)，可以放在表示“存在”、“出现”、“发生”等的不及物动词前面，而主语(第一次出现的东西或加以强调的东西)放在后面(参阅1667 a)，1668 a))：地点副词(短语)：
At the end of the wood stood a church.
By the front door entered three soldiers.
In this beautiful palace lived a king and his daughter.
All around the house grew millions of flowers.
On the grass(there)lay a shepherd.(在状语和不及物动词之间可以加 there，也可不加。)
By the river(there) has a pagoda(短的主语) stood for 101 years.
By the river(there) has stood a pagoda as high as 30 meters.
There happened an accident in this city.(这里的 there 不可省略)
时间副词(短语)：
Soon after this omen began a revolt.
At last came the wedding day.
In 1952 was born one of my daughters.
When father returned from France，there happened(or took place)something strange.(带有状语从句)
Just as they drank merrily，there came a terrible knock at the door.
如果句子主语很长，可以放在不及物动词后面，而把副词(短语)放在动词前面：
In all her splendour appeared the bride followed by two pretty children.
For the sake of justice died hundreds of people who made a peaceful protest.
In such surroundings there was born(= appeared)a man of extraordinary ability，destined to save his nation.(被动语态的动词在语法上相当于一个不及物动词)
In her hands was placed all his being and all his happiness.
There was taken to the mayor a man one hundred and twenty years of age and still in good health.
1692 19)有些副词可以放在几个位置，而有不同的意思：
NOW
I am now(=at this moment)reading a novel.
I am reading a novel now(更为强调).
He lost all his money in gambling.Now(用作连接副词，对前面的话加以解释，或只引起注意)this money he had borrowed from his aunt.
AGAIN
I again(= once more)tried the project.
I tried the project again(更为强调).
He is a scientist，and again(=besides，用作连接副词)he knows seven languages.
SO
I told him so(= the same thing).
It is raining，so(= therefore，用作连接副词)I can't go out.
INDEED
He knows a lot of things indeed(用来加强语气).
He is，indeed(系动词 be之后)，the best man I know.
Indeed(和 but连用)， he knows a lot of things，but he is selfish.
ONLY
I can tell you only(放在宾语前面)this(= nothing else than this).
He is very kind，only(= yet，用作连接副词)he doesn't know how to talk.
ONCE
I have been there once(= one time，on one occasion).
He once(= formerly)lived in the country.
Once(= after one time，用作连接副词)I visited the place，I could recognize all the streets.
YET
He has not yet(= till now)come.
He has studied English five years， yet(= but) he is unable to write letter