初中英语的句子成分分析法
初中英语的句子成分分析法
初中英语教学的主要目标是让学生学会对英语句子进行成分分析,培养学生的写作能力。下面是学习啦小编带来的初中英语句子成分，欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分学习
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：
一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help. 代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。 分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、宾语补足语(宾补) 宾语从句
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有:
1. 形容词作宾语补足语
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:
I found her in the room.
3. 副词作宾语补足语。
Please let him in.
4. 名词作宾语补足语。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。
I asked him to come.
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)
1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名词作定语:
Is it a color film?
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代词作定语:
This song is better than that one.
4. 数词作定语:
There are only thirty students in our class.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副词作定语():
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介词短语作定语(The students in our class like swimming.
7、状语
修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.
1. 副词作状语:
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介词短语作状语: 表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作状语 表时间
I come here to see you.
4. 现在分词作状语 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 状语从句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
状语的位置
1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。
We like our school very much.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词 She sang very well at the meeting last night.
时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
初中英语句子成分练习
I.用所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配。
impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise.
2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.
3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.
A.覆水难收 B.流连忘返 C.一言既出，驷马难追
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.
2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.
III.将下列句子翻译成英语。1.由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。
2.如果给我们一个机会，我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。
3.当问到他出生在哪里时，约翰说他是纽约人。