高级英语写作驳论文
高级英语写作驳论文
高级英语写作——驳论文，它的写法你们知道吗?你们有模板可以参考吗?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高级英语写作驳论文，供大家参阅!
高级英语写作驳论文
In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.“
Personally, I hold that knowledge knows no bounds, therefore, on realizing this awkwardness, the only thing man should do is to absorb as much new knowledge as he can for the sake of not lagging behind the pacing steps of our world.
但是作者完全是从另外一个角度去论证,且看下文.
Does recognizing the limits of our knowledge and understanding serve us equally well as acquiring new facts and information, as the speaker asserts?注意这一句经典的反问式开头了,这是最引人注目的.While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion, further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with our Western view of how we acquire knowledge. Nevertheless,虽然是原则上不尽同意但还是提出妥协的办法,从而显出作者是critical thinking的,这一点很重要,也是拿分的重头戏也.a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
让我们记一记一些好词好句：lend credence to this assertion (有足够的证据)证明这一观点的正确性;further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with…;Nevertheless, a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.
On the one hand, the speaker"s assertion accords with the everyday experience of working professionals. For example, the sort of "book”knowledge that medical, law, and business students acquire, no matter how extensive, is of little use unless these students also learn to accept the uncertainties and risks inherent in professional practice and in the business world.
Any successful doctor, lawyer, or entrepreneur would undoubtedly agree that new precedents and challenges in their fields compel them to acknowledge the limitations of their knowledge, and that learning to accommodate these limitations is just as important in their professional success as knowledge itself.
在驳论的第一段,作者就举例子说明知识的有限性并不一定意味着各行各业的人就必须汲取其他方面的知识,恰恰相反,对于医生、律师或企业家来说意识到了自我知识的有限,并且寻求方法去适应调和这一有限性反而是必要的.
Moreover, the additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes-sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses. Consider, for instance, the collection of financial- investment information. No amount of knowledge can eliminate the uncertainty and risk inherent in financial investing. Also, information overload can result in confusion, which in turn can diminish one"s ability to assimilate information and apply it usefully. Thus, by recognizing the limits of their knowledge, and by accounting for those limits when making decisions, investment advisors can more effectively serve their clients.
作者进一步通过金融投资业信息的赘余的危害性来驳斥原文的观点.
On the other hand, the speaker"s assertion seems self-contradictory, for how can we know the limits of our knowledge until we"ve thoroughly tested those limits through exhaustive empirical observation--that is, by acquiring facts and information. For example, it would be tempting to concede that we can never understand the basic forces that govern all matter in the universe. Yet due to increasingly precise and extensive fact- finding efforts of scientists, we might now be within striking distance of understanding the key laws by which all physical matter behaves. Put another way, the speaker"s assertion flies in the face of悍然不顾,公然违抗the scientific method, whose fundamental tenet is that we humans can truly know only that which we observe. Thus Francis Bacon, who first formulated the method, might assert that the speaker is fundamentally incorrect.
说实话,我觉得这一段里,作者玩了一个诡辩的小伎俩：先是指出原文观点的自相矛盾性,然后引出自己的看法——认识论远重要于获取新的事实和信息,也就是要“先认识知识和理解力的局限然后才是摄取新知.”
How can we reconcile our experience in everyday endeavors with the basic assumption underlying the scientific method? Perhaps the answer lies in a distinction between two types of knowledge--one which amounts to a mere collection of observations (i.e., facts and information), the other which is deeper and includes a realization of principles and truths underlying those observations. At this deeper level "knowledge" equals "under- standing": how we interpret, make sense of, and find meaning in the information we collect by way of observation.
作者就上一段提出的问题推出自己的解决方法,即认识到“知识”分成两种：纯观察行为所得的信息;萃取之后的经过自己消化后的“理解”.但我觉得这里还有待发挥,估计是时间不够了,仓促间收笔吧.没有很好的说明白.
In the final analysis, evaluating the speaker"s assertion requires that we define "knowledge,"which in turn requires that we address complex epistemological issues best left to philosophers and theologians. Yet perhaps this is the speaker"s point: that we can never truly know either ourselves or the world, and that by recognizing this limitation we set ourselves free to accomplish what no amount of mere information could ever permit.
最后一句玩了复杂句的构句技巧,想搏ets一笑.但我觉得还是总结的不够好,没有说到点子上.其实,我们平实的写作大可不必如此玩弄文字,因为如果当别人都不知道你在说什么的话,一味专心于难句,无异于“喧宾夺主”了.个人认为,作者写得有点不知所云了.
高级英语写作驳论文写作方法
第一步：树起靶子(敌论点)，有的放矢。
举例：人们常用“功夫不负有心人”这句话来勉励自己，认为做事只要有心，功夫下到，就能成功。殊不知，功夫也会负有心人。为什么?因为“功夫不负有心人”这句话只强调了人的主观能动性的一面，而忽视了要尊重客观规律的一面。(《功夫也负有心人》开头)
第二步：正面立论，针锋相对。(位置可灵活)
第三步：引据论证，深入批驳。
(1.现象+危害 2.剖析错误本质)
先破后立，或先立后破，或破立结合。
在结构上可总-分-总式，或并列式展开，或层进式推进，据情况灵活运用。
第四步：收尾照应，提出希望。(谈做法)
【例文】
“补牢”岂待“亡羊”后
成语“亡羊补牢”众所周知，大意是丢了羊后，再补好羊圈，尚不算晚。它比喻犯了错误后，应及时纠正、以弥补损失。(树起靶子,有的放矢)
然而，我却认为，“补牢”岂待“亡羊”后? (正面立论，针锋相对)
没丢“羊”之前，总认为“羊圈”固若金汤，万无一失，高枕无忧。“补牢”的工作嘛，一定得“亡羊”之后才能做，一定得造成了损失了才大吃一惊。这就是某些官僚主义者头脑中僵化的模式和刻板的逻辑。(破)
既要养“羊”，就得护“羊”，就得经常检查“羊圈”牢不牢，就得经常做修补工作。否则，亡一只两只“羊”，再补“牢”尚可，若亡一群“羊”或“羊”全部跑光呢?其损失就惨重了，付出的代价也就太大了。(破立)
看一看发生在眼前的事实吧。我国的森林面积少得可怜，但总要等到大兴安岭的大片森林化为灰烬后，才来惩处官僚主义分子;我国的科技人才奇缺，但总要等到罗健夫、蒋筑英等中年知识分子命归黄泉后，才懂得呼吁全社会来关心他们;我国国民的文化素质和发达国家本有差距，但总要等到我国已形成两亿多文盲的大军之后，才意识到教育战线上存在着危机;培养和造就社会主义建设的接班人是一项任务，但总要等到青少年犯罪率急剧上升后，才担忧起思想教育方面存在着隐患来„„“牢”虽然补了，有些正在补，可“羊”亡得何其多，损失何其惨重啊!(破)
从哲学的高度看，树立长期的“补牢”思想，是内因，而“亡羊”诚然能对“补牢”工作敲响警钟，但它毕竟只是外因。如若没有树立先“补牢”防“亡羊”的思想，就等于放弃了内因的主导作用，这必然会受到历史的惩罚!其实，“亡羊补牢”是损失造成后一种消极的补救办法，何不防患于未然呢?这正如吃一堑，固然可以长一智，但长一智不一定非要以“吃一堑”为前提呀?!(破立)
我们的“羊”亡了一次又一次，紧接着“牢”也补了一回又一回。我们的教训太多，损失不小。“亡羊补牢”的惰性思想不除，我国前进的步伐就会受到严重的阻碍!(立)(引据论证，深入批驳)
祖国要富强，民族要振兴。炎黄的子孙们，猛醒吧!“补牢”岂待“亡羊”后?!(收尾照应，提出希望)
△驳论方法：
1.直接驳论
1)直接驳论点
2)通过驳论据
3)通过驳论证
2.间接驳论：树立正面观点，证明它是正确的。(类似于反证法)
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