用英语说中国春秋战国

时间：2019-04-04 17:34:59 秋连1211由分享

　　掌握好英语学习方法，就能提高自己的英语水平，可以把英语融入到日常的阅读当中。小编在此献上用英语来了解中国的历史文化，希望大家喜欢。

　　用英语说中国春秋战国：Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期

　　Marked by overlord politics, this period was named after the book Spring and Autumn Annals (the history of Lu) adapted by Confucius.

　　春秋，这一群雄争霸的时期，得名与孔子所编撰的一部鲁国史书《春秋》。

　　After the eastward move of King Ping, some vassal states progressed in social economy.

　　周平王东迁后，一些诸侯国社会经济迅速发展。

　　They became stronger while the royal authority took a nose dive, gradually losing its control over them.

　　它们日益强盛，而王权则一落千丈，逐渐失去对诸侯们的控制权。

　　During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were over 150 kingdoms coexisting with Zhou, among them Qi, Lu, Jin, Yan, Qin, Chu, Wu, Yue, etc were the stronger.

　　在春秋战国时期，有超过150个诸侯国与周共存，其中齐，鲁，晋，燕，秦，楚，吴，越等国较为强大。

　　These powerful states, relying on their military and economic advantages, launched wars to expand their territories; forcing small states follow them so as to establish their dominance as overlords.

　　这些强大的国家，依靠自己的军事和经济优势，发动战争以扩大自己的疆土;迫使小国成为它们的附属，从而建立自己的统治地位的霸权。

　　In the early to middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period, five dukes, namely Huangong of the Qi state, Xianggong of the Song, Wengong of the Jin, Mugong of the Qin and Zhuangwang of the Chu, once fought for the “ overlordship”，known as the “the Five Overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period”，in which Huangong of Qi was the first one to establish his hegemony by advocating respect the king and repulse the alien tribes. ”

　　春秋前期至中期，五位诸侯，即齐恒公、宋襄公、晋文公、秦穆公、楚庄王，都曾为了“霸主地位”而发起过战争，被称为“春秋五霸”，其中齐桓公首先提出“尊王攘夷”的口号以建立自己的霸权。

　　Continuous wars brought enormous balefulness to the people giving rise to wide opposition in the small states.

　　连年的战争给人民带来巨大的灾难，小诸侯国内开始出现大范围的反抗。

　　Finally, in 579 BC and 546 BC, two treaties were made between Jin and Chu kingdoms, resulting in a short peace in the Central Plains.

　　最终，在公元前579年至公元前546年，秦国和楚国缔结条约，为中原地区带来了短暂的和平。

　　In the epilogue to the struggle to become overlord of the Central Plains, Wu and Yue, two kingdoms located in the downstream area of the Yangtze River, rose up.

　　当中国诸侯争霸战争进入尾声之时，地处长江下游的两个国家吴国和越国发展壮大起来。

　　Firstly defeated by the kingdom of Wu, Goujian, the king of Yue, applied himself to the development of agriculture and training his army.

　　被吴国打败之后，越王勾践卧薪尝胆，潜心发展农业，训练军队。

　　He finally got an opportunity to conquer the Wu and became the last overlord during the Spring and Autumn Period.

　　最后，他抓住机会消灭吴国，成为在春秋时期的最后一个霸主。

　　According to historical records, during this period, a total of thirty-six kings were killed and fifty-two vassal states were demolished.

　　据史料记载，在此期间，共有36国王被杀，52诸侯国被消灭。

　　This constant conflict and annexation of one state by another during the Spring and Autumn Period hastened social and economic change and had the effect of integrating people of different tribes and nationalities.

　　春秋时期这种国与国之间不断的冲突和吞并加剧了社会及经济的变化，并对来自不同部落和国家的人们产生了深远的影响。

　　The consequence of this period of drastic upheavals, reshufflings and regroupings, what had been several hundred states were reconstituted into seven megastates.

　　经历了这一时期的剧烈动荡、兼并、重组，数百个诸侯国最终被七大国(齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦)吸收兼并。

　　China entered the Warring States Period.

　　自此，中国进入战国时期。

　　用英语说中国春秋战国：Battle of Chengpu 城濮之战

　　During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a conflict between the states of Jin against Chu and its allies in China in 632 BC, which is called the Battle of Chengpu.

　　城濮之战发生在春秋时期，公元前632年，晋国和楚国联军在城濮开战。

　　The Jin victory confirmed the hegemony of Duke Wen of Jin and checked Chu ambitions in the north for at least a generation.

　　晋国的胜利确保了晋文公的霸权地位也确立了楚国在北方长达至少一代时间的通知。

　　The Battle of Chengpu is probably the biggest of the Spring and Autumn Period and definitely the most detailed in the Zuo Zhuan (左传).

　　城濮之战可能是春秋时期最大的一次战役，也在左传中得到了详细的记载。

　　It could be viewed as the first great battle in the protracted conflict between the states of the Yellow River valley, and the states of the Yangtze River valley.

　　它可被视为黄河流域和长江流域诸侯国之间第一次大战。

　　用英语说中国春秋战国：Warring States Period 战国时期

　　After long-term wars, seven kingdoms, namely Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, appeared as the most powerful states in this period, known as the “Seven Overlords” in history.

　　经过长期的战争，齐，楚，燕，韩，赵，魏、秦，战国时期内最强大的国家，史称“战国七雄”。

　　To expand their forces and territories, the seven overlords, on the one hand, carried out reforms in their own states to strengthen themselves and,

　　为了扩大自己的势力范围和领土，这七大国一方面对内实行改革，使自己更大强大，

　　on the other, were warring against each other and scheming to annex other states, which gave rise to the situation of seven powerful states existing side by side and struggling against each other.

　　另一方面对外交战，意图兼并他国，这导致了战国七雄相互歌剧混战的局面。

　　Qin, situated in the remote west, used to be a vassal state enfeoffed by King Ping for Qin Xianggong’s contribution of escorting the king on his move east.

　　秦，位于西部偏远，曾经是周平王因秦襄公护送东迁有功而册封给他的诸侯国。

　　During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong annexed twelve states, largely expanding his territory, making himself an overlord.

　　在春秋战国时期，秦穆公吞并十二个国家，极大地扩大了自己的领土，使其成为一代霸主。

　　During the Warring States Period, Qin, because of its outlying position, was more backward than the states in the Central Plains.

　　在战国时期，由于秦国偏远的地形，其相较于中原诸国落后的多。

　　When Qin Xiaogong was in power, Shangyang, an aristocratic descendant of the Wei kingdom, was entrusted by the monarch to carry out a series of reforms in 359 BC and 350 BC to strengthen the power of Qin.

　　秦孝公当政时，商鞅，卫国的贵族后裔，在公元前359年至公元前350年奉命开展了一系列的改革，以加强秦国的实力。

　　Shangyang's reforms include abolishing the outdated well-field system, legalizing the private ownership of land, canceling the hereditary system of rank and initiating a county system.

　　商鞅变法包括废除过时的井田制，使土地私有制合法化，取消职级的世袭制，改用县制。

　　In addition, Qin also paid attention to the development of agriculture.

　　此外，秦还重视农业的发展。大约在公元前250年，李冰，蜀地的省长(现四川省)，与其儿子一道，领导了都江堰水利工程的建造，它不仅控制了洪水的泛滥，同时还灌溉了整个成都平原。

　　Around 250 BC, Libing, a governor of Shu prefecture (present Sichuan Province), together with his son, directed the construction of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, which not only controlled flooding but also irrigated the whole Chengdu Plain.

　　秦在改革进步的基础上迅速成为一个实力强大的国家，为日后秦始皇统一中国奠定了坚实的基础。

　　Qin, based on the reforms and improvements, quickly became a powerful state, laying a solid foundation for the future unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang.

　　在战国末期，东周王室名存实亡。公元前256年，秦出动军队，打败东周。没过多久，嬴政继承王位后，他加快吞的步伐并最终在公元前221年统一中国，建立起一个统一的多民族的专制集权的国家，结束了战国时期。

　　At the end of Warring States, the royal house of Eastern Zhou existed in name only. In 256 BC, Qin dispatched army and defeated the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Before long, after King Yingzheng succeeded to the throne, he expedited his project of annexation and finally in 221 BC united China and established a unified, multinational, autocratic and power-centralized state, putting an end to the Waning States Period.

　　在西汉末期(公元前206年至公元24年)，刘向在有关这一时期的资料的基础上，根据这一时期的特点，将史料编撰成书《战国策叙录》。后人遂将这个混乱的时代命名为战国时期。

　　At the end of Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—24 AD), Liu Xiang, based on the information about this period, compiled a book and named it the History of Warring States according to the character of this period. Later generations then named this chaotic era the Warring States Period.