初一英语美文朗诵
初一英语美文朗诵
开展课外美文阅读对学生学习语文大有益处,但要抓好并非易事。它不仅仅是引导学生多看,还要采用适当的方法引领学生自主地走进读本,内化、吸收蕴含在字里行间的真谛,孕育出富有个性的美文。学习啦小编整理了初一英语美文，欢迎阅读!
初一英语美文篇一
Skyscrapers and Environment
In the late 1960's,many people in North America turned their attention to environmentalproblems,and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized.Ecologists pointed outthat a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lotcapacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, theaddition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peakdaily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts -- enough to supply the entire city of Albany,New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall ofhalf-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled withinsulation board.To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment,builders ofskyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coatedwith silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However,mirror-walledskyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the twoWorld Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of rawsewage each year -- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has apopulation of more than 109, 000.
摩天大楼与环境
60 年代后期，许多北美人把注意力转向了环境问题，那些崭新的玻璃钢摩天大楼受到了广泛的批评。 生态学家指出，城市中密集的高层建筑经常给公共交通与停车场的承载能力造成过重的负担。摩天大楼还是电能的过度消费者与浪费者。 最近的某一年，纽约市摩天写字楼 1，700 万英尺办公面积的增加使电能的最高日需求量提高了 120，000 千瓦。 这些电能足以供纽约的整个奥尔巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的摩天大楼特别地浪费。 通过半英寸的平板玻璃墙壁损失(或增加)的热量是典型的加入绝缘板的石墙所允许的热量损失(或增加)的十倍以上。 为了减轻取暖设备或空调设备的压力，摩天大楼的建造者们已经开始使用双面上釉的玻璃镶板和涂上了金色或银色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，来减少强光照射和热量的增加;但是，镜面的摩天大楼会提高周围空气的温度并会对附近的建筑物产生影响。摩天大楼也对城市的卫生设施造成了沉重的压力。 单单纽约市的二个世界贸易中心大楼如果完全被占满的话，每年就会产生 2，250，000 加仑的污水。 这相当于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市这样大的城市一年所产生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市拥有 109，000 人口。
初一英语美文篇二
Scientific Theories
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. Atheory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observedevent could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, inwhich gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that havenot as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments totest the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.Ifobservations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be afault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information andperforming experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules HenriPoincare said,"Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection offacts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house." Mostscientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about aparticular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part ofthe investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem areformulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinkingbeyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makesobservations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose anddirection. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
科学理论
在科学中，理论是对所观察到的相关事件的合理解释。 理论通常包含一个虚构的模型，这个模型帮助科学家构想所观察到的事件是如何发生的。 分子运动理论便是我们能找到的一个很好的例子。 在这个理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不断运动的小颗粒组成。 一个有用的理论，除了能够解释过去的观测，还有助于预测那些未被观测到的事件。 一个理论公开后，科学家们设计实验来检验这个理论。 如果观察证实了科学家的预言，这个理论则得到了验证。 如果观察不能证实科学家的预言，科学家就必须进一步的研究。或许是实验存在错误，或许是这个理论必须被修改或抛弃。 科学家除了收集信息和操作实验外还需要想象能力和创/造性思维。 事实本身并不是科学。 正如数学家乔斯 ·亨利 ·波恩克尔所说："科学建立在事实之上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。 但事实的收集不能被称作科学，就像一堆砖不能被叫作房子一样。 "多数科学家通过找出别的科学家在一个特定问题上的所知来开始研究。在收集了已知事实之后，科学家开始了研究中需要相当想像力的部分。 他们尔后拟订对这个问题的可行的解决方法。这些可行的解决方式被称为假设。 在某种意义上，任何假设都是向未知的跳跃。它使科学家的思维超越已知事实。科学家计划实验、计算、观测以检验假定。若没有假设，进一步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。 当假设被证实了，就成为理论的一部分。
初一英语美文篇三
Schooling and Education
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get aneducation.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go toschool. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows nobounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchenor on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the wholeuniverse of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparentto the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.Achance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of otherreligions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education,then,is a very broad,inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, andone that should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varieslittle from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school atapproximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similartextbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned,whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, haveusually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high schoolstudents know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about politicalproblems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There aredefinite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
上学与受教育
在美国，人们通常认为上学是为了受教育。 而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。 这种观念中的上学与受教育之间的区别非常重要。 与上学相比，教育更具开放性，内容更广泛。 教育不受任何限制。 它可以在任何场合下进行，在淋浴时，在工作时，在厨房里或拖拉机上。 它既包括在学校所受的正规教育，也包括一切非正规教育。 传授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们，可以是小孩子，也可以是知名的科学家。 上学读书多少有点可预见性，而教育往往能带来意外的发现。 与陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。 人们从幼时起就开始受教育。 因此，教育是一个内涵很丰富的词，它自始至终伴随人的一生，早在人们上学之前就开始了。 教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上学却是一个特定的形式化了的过程。 在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。 在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。 他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范围的限制。 例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。 学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的限制的。
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