关于英语的写作技巧
关于英语的写作技巧
英文写作是一种综合能力训练，临阵磨枪是不能取得好成绩的，也是不可取的，应该重视平时的英语作文训练。小编在此献上英语写作方法，希望对你有所帮助。
Don't Use Adverbs不要用副词
The adverb is not your friend.Adverbs are words that modify verbs,adjectives,or other adverbs.They’re the ones that usually end in-ly.With adverbs,the writer usually tells us he or she is afraid he/she isn’t expressing himself/herself clearly,that he or she is not getting the point or the picture across.
副词并不是你的朋友，副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其它副词的。它们通常以ly结尾。作者通常用副词来表达那些自己无法解释清楚的意思及表明的观点。
There are numerous usage"rules"regarding the placement of adverbs in prose:one shouldn't split a compound verb or infinitive1 with them(so no"to boldly go"or"must be heartily2 congratulated");
关于在散文中放置有太多的用法规则了：我们不应该让副词出现在复合动词或动词不定式中，因而我们不能说"to boldly go"或"must be heartily congratulated"。
One must place them closest to the word they are modifying(so no"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself";go with"The news anchor quickly corrected himself");
我们必须要把它放在离其所要修饰的词最近的地方(所以我们不能说"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself"，而应该是"The news anchor quickly corrected himself")。
One shouldn't start a sentence with them,especially if the adverb in question is hopefully;
我们不能把副词放在句首，尤其是“hopefully”这个词。
One should know when to use a flat adverb(like quick in"move quick"and safe in"drive safe")and when to use an inflected-ly adverb(like"quickly move aside"and"safely drive the truck");
我们应当知道什么时候用单纯形副词(像是“move quick”中的“quick”,“drive safe”中的“safe”)什么时候用加ly的副词(像是"quickly move aside"中的“quickly”和"safely drive the truck"中的“safely”)
Never Use the Passive Voice不要用被动语态
Never use the passive where you can use the active.
能用主动语态的话就不要用被动语态
English verbs have two voices:active and passive.We use the active voice in sentences like this one,and it shows who is doing the acting3(we are)and what is being acted on(the active voice).But the passive voice is often used in more formal sentences,like this one,where the actor—here,the invisible writer of this sentence,who is the one using the passive voice—is hidden from view.Here are a few examples of sentences written in the active voice and then recast in the passive voice:
英语的动词有2种语态：主动语态和被动语态。我们在本句中就使用了主动语态，它能体现谁(我们)在进行动作，什么动作(主动语态)在被进行。但是被动语态却更常在正式场合中使用，像这句，演员在哪里-这里，这句话的隐形作者，也就是使用被动语态的这个人-从当前默默隐去了。以下的几个例子，都是主动语态的，并且改写成了被动语态：
The teacher told us to use the active voice.vs We were told to use the active voice.
老师告诉我们要使用主动语态和我们被老师告知要使用主动语态。
The police questioned the suspect.vs The suspect was questioned.
警察询问了嫌疑人和嫌疑人被警察询问了。
I made a mistake.vs Mistakes were made.
我犯了一个错误和错误被犯了
You'll notice that the passive voice seems to distance an action from its perpetrator,or it makes the thing being acted on("we,""the suspect,"and"mistakes"above)more important than the doer.For this reason,the passive voice is very common in more formal writing,where the authors want to keep the perpetrator of the action or the speaker distant.
你会发现，被动语态使得一个行动和行动者分离开来，或是动作被进行的一方(“我们”“嫌疑人”和以上的“错误”)显得比进行动作的一方更加重要。因此，被动语态在正式写作中比较常见，作者想要让进行动作的一方或说话人能产生一种距离感。
Never use a verb other than"said"to carry dialogue.永远不要用除了“said”的动词来进行对话
The line of dialogue belongs to the character;the verb is the writer sticking his nose in.But said is far less intrusive4 than grumbled5,gasped6,cautioned,lied.I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with"she asseverated,"and had to stop reading to get the dictionary.
对话的范畴属于人物，动词是作者非常关心的。但是，“said”这词远远不及嘟囔，喘息，警告，撒谎等词更具侵入性。我曾经注意到玛丽?麦卡锡用“她郑重地声明”来结束了一个对话，那时我不得不停止阅读去查了字典。
This is a rule that is often repeated,something that is supposedly the province of"showing,not telling."But this is less a rule of writing and more of a personal preference of Leonard's.
这是一个经常被提及的规则，有时其职责据称是“要显示，而不是讲述”。但这不太像写作的规则反正更像是伦纳德的个人喜好。
Of course,lots of these non-said dialogue markers are almost as old as said itself is.Check your dictionary and you’ll see that dialogue verbs like crow,yell,whisper,and groan7 are contemporaries of said and had ample use in Old English as well as in Modern English.
当然了，这些非言语类的对话标识本身也像“said”这词一样的老。查你的字典看看，你会发现，这些对话动词比如，crow,啼叫，yell叫喊，whisper低语，和groan咆哮虽都是当代的言语词，但在古英语和现代英语中都有着广泛的应用。
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