高考英语作文如何得高分(2)
高考英语作文如何得高分
高考英语作文如何得高分
一、衔接自然化
文章的连贯性和紧凑感是高考书面表达的一个重要评分标准。只有很好地运用连接词才能使文章连贯、流畅，才能提升书面表达的质量，拿到高分。有的同学在作文中使用过多的简单句，使文章显得单调、急促;有的尽管用了连接词，但表达过于单一，满篇都用so、and、then、but、or等。这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使文章显得呆板。为了避免这种现象，应尽量使用不同的关联词，以使文章不仅句型丰富，而且思想表达清楚，语意连贯。
评分标准把衔接和连贯作为核心标准，有效而恰当地使用连接词是衡量是否衔接连贯的重要标准之一。我们应根据所写文章的内容，按照时间先后、空间顺序、逻辑关系、因果关系，弄清所写内容之间的内在联系，切莫按照要求中的提示顺序来组篇，一定要加以适当调整。然后加入构成语篇组带的过渡词串句成文，从而使所写的文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，语义贯通，过渡自然，环环相扣，层次清晰，逻辑分明，不留痕迹，自然成文。现将中学阶段应掌握的过渡语以及高考书面表达范文中出现的例句总结如下：
(一)表起始的过渡语有first of all, to begin with, in my / our opinion, according to , so far, as far as.
(1)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(二)表时间的过渡语有at first, then , later, meanwhile , in the end, finally, after that , since then for the first time, at last , as soon as, the next moment , in the past, at present, in the future等。
(2)After that I went to No. 8 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer .
(3)Firstly, the technology of … secondly, people’s income has…Thirdly, mobile phones are …
(三)表空间的过渡语有on the right/ left, to the right/ left of, on one side of… on the other side of …, at the foot/ top/ end of, in the middle/ center of等。
(4)On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.
On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.
(四)表因果的过渡语有for, because of, thanks to, one reason is that… another reason is that …, thus, so, therefore, as a result(of…)等。
(5) So come on, stand here.
(五)表转折的过渡语有but, yet , however, on the contrary, except for, in spite of, otherwise, after all, in fact等。
(6)But we didn’t know them.
(7)They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
(六)表列举的过渡语有for example/ instance, take…as an example, such as, that is , like, as follows, in other words, and so on等。
(8)I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons.
(七)表推进的过渡语有what’s more, further more, on one hand,…one the other hand…, in addition, as well, still, also, not only… but also…，besides, even, moreover，for one thing, for another thing等。
(9)What’s more, I can go to bed earlier.
(10)I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
二、布局精细化
所谓谋篇布局就是根据题目要求，在全面理解所要求内容基础上勾画全篇写作轮廓，分清楚文章应该写几个方面，或几个段落。在高考书面表达中，尤其是规定情景作文、图表作文、说明文、描写记叙文和实用文体作文等类型，精细化的谋篇布局显得尤为重要。有心人才能真正做到结构严谨，令人耳目一新。精细化要求我们在写作时要注重部分内容与主题思想的一致性，也就是说，不管一篇文章从多少个方面进行论述和解释，都必须紧紧围绕主题进行，每一部分都是依据文章的主题和中心思想展开的，而且在内容和写法上是相互照应和互为补充的。其目的只有一个，就是全面、完整、准确、透彻地阐明文章的中心思想。以2001年考研作文例文为例：
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. 开门见山，点出主题。随后几段中都设有主题句。
As is shown in the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places."
You have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
最后进一步深化主题so to come to a conclusion, we need offer our help to those in need.从而使整篇文章段落划分得当，行文连贯，层层递进，结构紧凑，深然一体，显示作者匠心独运。
另外要提醒大家注意的是，文章的内容一定要完整、相关。首先，内容要完整，比如2006年高考英语陕西卷的题目，要求写暑假的安排。这是一篇正反观点类的议论文，必须注意题目的要求：第一要提出讨论话题：“The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.”(这是一个经典的开篇句型模板);第二要写出正反两方不同的观点，并表明自己的观点。这两方面的要求如果有缺失，就会被扣掉相应的分数。再比如2005年高考英语广东卷的成语寓言故事，要做到内容完整，不仅需要描写整个守株待兔的过程，还要点明故事的寓意。总之，大家只要稍加注意，都能做到内容的完整。其次，内容要相关。这就要求考生不随意添加要点，不过分发挥，使文章出现多余的信息，否则也会被扣分。同样，这点也是考试时大家稍加注意就能避免的。
总之，高考英语写作，只要有意识地科学训练是可以快速有效提高的。写好书面表达非一日之功，需平日知识多加积累和勤加练习，同时在做书面表达，写笔成文之际，对以上五个方面详加揣摸，细心体会，终有一日，写出的文章像风行水上来得自然亮丽。
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