高考英语书面表达考点突破(2)
高考英语书面表达突破训练材料
Part A 写作基本理论 ① 对英语句子的认识
意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。
I. 什么是句子?
长的是句子，短的是词。×
√ 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语(动词)，而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired.”(双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”)
这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。
1. 省略主语的句子
Come in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
1) 1) Those who eat too much will easily ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
3)When I at school, I studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday
3. Wait for me at the station
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh
5. A way of saying “I’m sorry” 6. Patting the stomach before a meal
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space
III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词;hear是及物动词。表示 “看” 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 “到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you’d better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
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