商务英语合同翻译应注意的策略(2)

　　第四部分、用语方面

　　一、力求严谨，明白无误：

　　1、The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.

　　下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;

　　2、This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.

　　本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;

　　3、All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.

　　ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。

　　二、多用主动语态，少用被动语态：

　　1、Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)

　　乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

　　2、Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)

　　甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;

　　三、多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：

　　1、Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one

　　of the following events：

　　当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：

　　2、Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;

　　许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;

　　3、The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and

　　第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;

　　4、Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.

　　许可人未能履行其合同义务。

　　四、直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：

　　1、This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)

　　本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。

　　2、This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)

　　本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。

　　五、尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：

　　1、Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.

　　甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.

　　2、Party A will give consideration to Party B’s proposal of exclusive agency.

　　甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.

　　第五部分、下列特殊用语使用频繁

　　一、WHEREAS 鉴于

　　正式而重要的合同，尤其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用：

　　WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;

　　鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;

　　WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;

　　鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;

　　二、WITNESS 证明

　　在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词：

　　This Agreement， made by ……

　　WITNESSES

　　WHEREAS……, it is agreed as follows：

　　本协议由……签订证明：鉴于……特此达成协议如下：

　　IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据，该短语常用于合同的结尾条款：

　　IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.

　　作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。

　　三、IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬

　　约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

　　Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein， contained, the parties hereto agree as follows：

　　兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：

　　In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.

　　乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。

　　四、NOW，THEREFORE 兹特

　　此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款，则本短语可省略：

　　NOW, THEREFORE, it’s hereby agreed and understood as follows;

　　兹特协议和谅解如下：

　　NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据，本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

　　五、PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语，WITNESS是谓语：

　　NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：

　　六、IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人

　　本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证，一般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public)：

　　IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：

　　作为协议事项的证据，订约双方各自签名盖章如下：

　　第六部分、其他短语

　　For and on behalf the first Party(甲方代表)：

　　The EMPLOYER (雇主)…

　　Capacity (职位) …

　　In the Presence of (见证人) …

　　Capacity (职位)…

　　Address (地址)…

　　For and on behalf of the Second party(乙方代表)：

　　The CONTRACTOR (承包人) …

　　Capacity (职位)…

　　In the Presence of (见证人) …

　　Capacity (职位)…

　　Address (地址)…