高一英语完形填空解题方法
高一英语完形填空解题方法
大家上高一这么久，对于英语完形填空有什么特别的解题技巧吗?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高一英语完形填空解题技巧，供大家参阅!
高一英语完形填空解题技巧
完形填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解能力，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力。
1、利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
表示列举的连词: first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude…
表示原因的连词: because, since, as, now that…
表示结果的连词: so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
表示让步和转折的连词：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
表示对照的连词: on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely
表示补充的连词: also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also…
表示时间顺序的连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once
表示目的的连词: that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that
表示条件的连词: if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)
逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
例 1The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when 46 and in her dreams. (07全国卷I)
46. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake
本句的逻辑关系语是both ... and ...，它表示并列关系。and后出现了in her dreams，故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和in her dreams构成反义关系，因此D项正确。
例 2 Before leaving, I had turned the heater 48 in the roadhouse, so that when we went in, it was nice and (湖北卷)
48. A. on B. off C. in D. over
49. A. neat B. hot C. warm D. attractive
本句的逻辑关系语是so that和and。连词and表并列关系，但要注意，nice and后接形容词或副词，大多意为“很”，如：The room is nice and warm. 这个房间很暖和。The breeze is nice and cool. 这阵微笑很凉爽。The car is going nice and far. 这辆轿车跑得很快，因此49 选C;so that表因果关系，根据句意“为了我们进来时室内很温暖”，只有turn on the heater才合乎逻辑，因此48选A。
技巧小试：
1. ... those challenges are the very things that us and make us who we are ... (山东卷)
37. A. design B. promote C. direct D. shape
2. It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful , instead of the usual school uniform.
36. A. shapes B. dresses C. flowers D. pictures
3. “You need ,” his father said. “But if you don‘t work hard, no fortune will come.” (辽宁卷)
36. A. exercise B. fortune C. knowledge D. wealth
答案： DBB
2、通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。
例A young man, wet from 42 to toe, explained that he had 43 out of petrol about 30 km up the road.
42. A. finger B. shoulder C. head D. hand
43. A. driven B. used C. come D. run
本句中两个考点都是固定搭配。第一个from head to toe/foot意为“ 从头到脚，全身上下”;第二个run out of意为 “用完，耗尽”。答案分别为C和D。
例 Java began to enjoy one of the years greatest event: “the Night of the Full Moon”, a festival that is especially popular young people.(安徽卷)
44. A. for B. to C. with D. in
be popular with为固定词组，意为“受„„欢迎”。其它选项均不能和popular构成固定搭配，故答案为C。 技巧小试
1. He tried to a telephone call, but was unable to (浙江卷)
31. A. make B. fix C. use D. pick
32. A. get on B. get up C. get through D. get in
2. He got good grades in the school, especially biology and chemistry, which was a great comfort.(重庆)
43. A. in B. about C. of D. for
答案：ACA
高一英语完形填空解题方法
(一) 词汇分类
可以单元或模块为单位，把其中的近义词，反义词等归类，这样就能使学生在遇到有同义反复或绝对矛盾题型时，更快地找到正确的答案。 如在Book 1里就有这样一些近义词或词组：opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, as though; be concerned about, care about; right away, at once 等。反义词或词组有：generous, mean; selfish, selfless; equal, unfair; be fond of, be tired of; think highly of, think little of等。
(二) 句子衔接
注意句子和句子之间的衔接，可应用不同的连接词连接相同的两个句子，观察其产生的意义有何不同。在平时的阅读中也可以指导学生善于发现句子和句子或段落和段落之间的连接词，并适时对连接词进行总结和归类。例如：
表示并列的有：and, too, what’s more, in addition, as well as等;
表示因果的有：beacause, since, so that, therefore, as a result等;
表示转折或对比的有：while, however, on one hand…on the other hand等; 表示总结的有： all in all, in a word, in conclusion等。
明白了句子与句子之间的关系，学生就能更快地理解文章的主旨，也能从细节中更有把握地推断出一些有用的信息。
(三) 讲究策略
做完形填空的速度不能太慢，一般要在8分钟内完成，否则有可能会造成后面的试题来不及做。那些平时习惯于逐个单词阅读的学生，容易造成思维中断，不能快速把握文章的主旨，因此教师要帮助其纠正这种不良的阅读方法和习惯。良好的阅读习惯不仅要求学生快速把握文章大意，也要求其在阅读过程中注重细节，特别要正确把握反映作者观点和态度的细节。教师可以通过引导学生对反映细节的文字加以理解与概括，培养学生分析、概括、演绎和归纳的能力，从而达到既不忽视文章细节，又能正确把握文章中心思想的能力。有了良好的阅读技能，学生不仅能在做完形填空时游刃有余，而且还能从整体上提高英语考试的成绩。
高一英语完形填空解题秘诀
一. 阅读技能与试题设计
2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息，分析问题和解决问题的能力”，这就要求学生要不断地提高相应的阅读技能。新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下：
1. 理解主旨大意;
2. 寻读具体信息;
3. 理解细节;
4. 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解;
5. 简单的判断和推理;
6. 理解文段的基本逻辑结构;
7. 理解作者的意图和态度;
8. 理解文段的文化信息。
测试方式共有11种，而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一，所占分值比例较大，并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前，因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好，则考生对后面的试题就越有信心。
二. NMET 2008(浙江卷)完形填空
NMET 2008(浙江卷)完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。试题原文如下：
In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call __21__and love.
I don’t remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did __22__the water. Any kind of __23__ride seemed to give him pleasure. __24__he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.
But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being __25__the water, moving through it, __26__it all around me. I was not a strong __27__, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my __28__. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father’s office and __29__those summer days with my father, who __30__ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the __31__person not in swimsuit.
After swimming, I would go __32__ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk __34__ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__. But my father always __36__and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s __37__.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get __38__ an ice cream…
A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is __39__.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but __40__, in that childhood, look at us.
21.A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry
22.A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love
23.A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike
24.A. But B. Then C. And D. Still
25.A. on B. off C. by D. in
26.A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting
27.A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner
28.A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears
29.A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining
30.A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to
31.A. next B. only C. other D. last
32.A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside
33.A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out
34.A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before
35.A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment
36.A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out
37.A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny
38.A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself
39.A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice
40.A. which B. who C. what D. whose
相对于科技类文章而言，这篇叙述性的完形填空是比较简单的，但由于考查的内容除对文章主旨的理解外还涉及到细节的判断和推理，这正是这类题型的难度所在之处。
三. 完形填空解题技巧
现以NMET 2008(浙江卷)完形填空为例，笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发现的一些解题技巧。
(一)前后呼应法
做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，既大语境——全文中心和基调，小语境——空格前后句子所构成的语境;再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：
第21题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。
第22题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。 第30题 B，由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”，特别后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。
第32题 D，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。
第33题 C，与35题所在的句子“--- perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__.”相呼应，因此35题的答案也能从33题“--- where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。
第38题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“我”的，所以有时还会给“我”钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。
第39题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。
(二)But 转折法
在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时，遇到类似but的词，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以NMET 2008(浙江卷)完形填空为例：
第25题 D，由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”
第37题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37题答案很明显是A : fine。
以下就笔者在2008年第一学期从事高一英语教学实践过程中遇到的完形填空为例，发现的其他一些解题技巧。
(三)绝对矛盾法
绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析，若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立，那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是两者中的哪一个，则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。例如在《浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二》(2008，9)第120页，完形填空第二段：
Most computers have a memory(存储器). They can work millions of times ___3____ than man. That means information can be put in ___4____ and be taken out any time when needed.
第3题的选项分别是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster
据观察应选用比较级，所以先排除A和C，在根据后面的一句及我们的常识可知，电脑的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D这两个对立项中，自然就可以很轻松地把正确答案D选出来了。
又如第90页的完形填空：
The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just ___1__ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely___2___ .
第2题的选项分别是A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared
显然A和D 是对立项，根据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪，甚至完全消失，故答案就是D. disappeared 。 《高中学习丛书英语高一(Book1,2)》第101页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：
Jazz is America’s contribution to ___5___ music. Compared to classical music, which __6__ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form.
第5题的选项分别是A.classical B. scared C. popular D. light
其中A与C相对立，通过后一句“Compared to classical music,”可知正确选项为C。
(四)同义复现法
同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词或短语。在完形填空题中，同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到，所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧。无须过多的推理，只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现，然后从选项中找出与之相符合的一项即可。
如2007学年第一学期期末考试样卷(湖州市)高一英语完形填空的第三段：
That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his ___45___ of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and __46__ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch __47__ the locaion of everthing important there.
第45题的选项分别是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design
正确答案C：goal与下一句中的dream同义，并且结合上下文得出他写了37页纸来描述他自己的目标，也就是他的梦想。
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