高考英语语法学习方法
高考英语语法学习方法
高考英语复习当中，对于语法的复习也不能落下。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高考英语语法学习方法，供大家参阅!
高中语法主谓一致精讲
在英语学习中，同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入，能够充当主语的成分也越来越多，除了常见的名词、代词，还有非谓语、句子等等，那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致，即主谓一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题，也是历来高考题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下：
(1)就近原则
①由并列结构或连词(either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等)连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
注：“either…or,neither…nor,or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复，最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
②在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
③在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
④在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
是玛丽的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
(2)意义一致原则
①当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
②英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people，means，sheep，deer，fish等)，其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
这个国家的人都已经为大变革作好了准备。
③多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想说：“多保重!”
④当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
我对这家公司的了解都是昨天他告诉我的。
⑤“…+ (of)+名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词)，则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。
Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
⑥词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。
A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.
许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year.
游客的数量今年减少了。
⑦英语的集体名词(committee,crowd,family,public,group,party,team,class,club,company,
union等词)，指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.
当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward to your coming.
我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
(3)整体原则
①从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
When to leave has not been decided.
什么时候离开还没有定下来。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.
周日购物是他的一个习惯。
注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。
What he said and what he did were always different.
他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。
②如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。
The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。
分析：(a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人，故谓语动词用单数;而(b)句中有两个人，一个是小说家the novelist，另一个是诗人the poet。
③专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等，通常作单数用。
The United States was found in 1776.美国成立于1776年。
④表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。
⑤加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
Two times three makes six.二乘三等于六。
(4)个体原则
①and连接的两个或多个主语前如果有each,every,no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略)，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。
②英语句中的each， either， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。
Neither of us has been abroad.我们谁都没出过国。
③由some,any every,no构成的复合词(somebody，nobody，everything，anything等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。
④many a/more than one+单数名词，一般接单数谓语动词。
Many a man does not understand Einstein's relativity.
许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。
⑤“one and a half+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
One and a half hours has passed.一个半小时过去了。
⑥成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等)作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。
A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。
⑦以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(如：一些学科名词mathematics， physics， politics等)，或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。
Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。
高中情态动词专项总复习
一、can (could)
1、can表示能力，用在过去时中，could表示过去所具有的一般的能力;经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”(=managed to do, succeeded in doing)。在否定句中两者可通用。例如：
① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?
③Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
④He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
⑤Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
⑥He tried many times, then at last, with the help of his math teacher, he was able to work out the difficult problem.
2、表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。can在肯定句中表“可能性”时是表示“理论(道理)上的可能性，普遍、一般情况下可能”，而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性;表示这样的意思时要用could，may或might。can't (couldn't)表示“不可能”，与must意义相反。
①Accidents can happen.意外情况是可能发生的。?
②Scotland can be very warm in September.九月的苏格兰可以非常暖和。?
③Will you answer the phone? It could (may /might) be your mother. 你去接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈打来的。(不能说It can be)
④He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
⑤You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
⑥When many people surf on the Internet, the speed can (could) be very slow.
⑦During rush hours, streets can (could) be vey crowded.
●can (could) have done表示对过去发生事情的推测，can have done只能用于疑问句和否定句中(“可能已经……了吗” “不可能已经”)，肯定句中用“could have done”。?
①Where can (could) he have gone?他会上哪儿去了呢?
②He can't (couldn't) have gone to school-it's Saturday.他不可能是去上学了，今天是星期六?
③He could have gone off with some friends.他可能是和几位朋友出去了。(不说can have gone…)?
3、“could+完成式”还可用来表示虚拟(不用can)(也可表推测)，“过去本能做而未做”以及用来责备某人在过去本可以做某事但未做。如：?
①You were stupid to go skiing there you could have broken your leg. 你到那个地方去滑雪真傻，你可能会摔断腿的。?
②You could have told me the boss was angry.你本该告诉我老板生气了。
4、表示给予许可、允许或征求意见(=may)。
① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?
② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
③You can take this book home to read more carefully.你可以把书拿回家更详细地阅读。
5、表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?
② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?
6、比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?。
② I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
高考英语语法精要数词讲解
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题
易错数词：
年月日及介词
计算用词
和数字相关的词
2、综合
1) 数字表达：
123,856,709
one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine
2) 年月日
in the morning; on the morning of September 1;
in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)
3、计算
+ Six and five is (are) eleven.
Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.
- Four from seven is (leaves) three.
Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.
X 16 x 11 = 176
Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.
÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Nine divided by three equals three.
4、dozen, score
A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs
B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times
5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.
70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
one pound and a half ,one and a half years