英语中副词的基本用法有哪些(3)
英语中副词的基本用法有哪些
英语中副词的基本用法:副词的位置
英语的词序是相对固定的,但是,副词在句中的位置却比较自由和灵活。一般来说,英语的副词有三种位置,即前位、中位和后位。
6.3A 前位:副词的前位是指把副词放在句首位置。副词前位的情况有
1) 在故事的开端
Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India.
从前,有六个瞎子住在印度的一个村子里。
Many many years ago there lived a king. 很久很久以前,有一个国王。
2) 为了强调或进行对比
Quickly he ran towards school and again he was late.
他迅速向学校跑去,但又迟到了。
3)为了平衡句子
Under the tree over there sat a group of foreigners.
在那边的树下坐着一群外国人。
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lesson repeated at the top of the children's voices could be heard out in the street.
平常,在开始上课时,在街上就可以听见书桌的开关声音和孩子们高声念书的声音。
4)在倒装句中
Away flew the bird. 鸟飞走了。
Seldom did he go to the cinema years ago. 几年前,他很少去看电影。
Only in this way can we work out the problem.
只有用这种方法,我们才能算出这道题。
(5)在感叹句和特殊疑问句中
How quickly time has gone by! 时间过得多快啊!
How well do you understand this lesson? 对这篇课文你能理解多少?
6.3B 中位:副词的中位是指把副词放在谓语动词前后的位置。副词中位的情况有
1)位于行为动词前
Hibernating animals hardly make any movement. 冬眠的动物几乎没有运动。
Do you always go to work without breakfast? 你经常不吃早饭就去上班吗?
2)位于连系动词和第一助词后
The guest is still in your office, waiting for you.
客人还在你办公室里等你呢。
He has often been told to do such a thing. 他经常被差遣干这种事。
3)位于非谓语形式前(通常有否定副词not和never)
The pupil promised never to play truant again. 那个小学生保证再也不逃学了。
I regret not being able to help you. 我遗憾没能帮助你。
4)在答句中,助动词单独用来替代完全的谓语时,位于助动词前
”Do you believe in him?"--"I never have and I never will.“
“你信任他吗?”—“我从未信任过他,我永远也不会信任他的。”
6.3C 后位:副词的后位是指把副词放在句尾位置。副词后位的情况有
1)位于不及物动词后
The girl reads clearly and correctly. 这个女孩子念得又清楚又正确。
2)位于及物动词的宾语后
I'll look the word up in the dictionary. 我将在词典里查这个词。
Can you finish the work today? 你们今天能完成这项工作吗?
注:(1)有时一个句子中会出现多个副词或副词词组,它们的词序应该是:方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如:
They played the game wonderfully here last night.
昨晚他们在这儿打得非常精彩。
如果谓语动词是表示方位性的,它们的词序则是:地点副词→方式副词→时间副词。如:
He left home hurriedly on a rainy night.
在一个雨夜里,他匆匆地离开了家。
(2)有时副词的位置变了,句子的意思也会起变化。这要根据说话人的意图,正确地把握副词的位置。试比试:
We carefully observed the teacher doing the experiment.
我们仔细观察了老师做实验。或:我们观察了老师细心地做实验。
We observed the teacher carefully doing the experiment.
我们观察了老师细心地做实验。
I'll talk to him gladly. 我将与他高兴地谈一谈。
Gladly I'll talk to his. 很高兴,我将与他谈一谈。
英语中副词的基本用法:各类副词在句中的位置
6.3D 各类副词在句中的位置:除了某些特殊的原因外,一般来说,副词的位置也是相对固定的,各类副词也有自己相应固定的位置。
1)时间副词:时间副词通常置于后位,但为了表示强调、对比、连接等,多数时间副词也可以置于前位。
I will learn my lesson tomorrow. 我明天将学功课。
Today you saw the greatest man in the world. 今天你见到了世界上最伟大的人。
Finally he took up the grammar book and read us the lesson.
最后,他拿起语法书,给我们上语法课。
2)地点副词:地点副词通常置于后位,如遇到时间副词,则置于时间副词之前,但为了强调或语法上的需要,可以置于前位。
Don't play in the garden. 别在花园里玩耍。
He went nowhere this morning. 他上午什么地方也没去。
At the bus stop I met Mr Yang who taught me English in senior school.
在汽车站,我遇见了高中时教我英语的杨老师。
表示位置关系的副词经常与及物动词构成动词词组,如果动词的宾语是名词,宾语可以放在副词之前,也可以放在副词之后;如果动词的宾语是代词,宾语只能放在副词之前。
Shall I bring the guests in?
or: Shall I bring in the guests? 要带客人进来吗?
He pulled his cap off.
or: He pulled off his cap. 他脱下帽子。
试比较:
Shall I bring them in? (Right)
Shall I bring in them? (Wrong)
He threw it away. (Right)
He threw away it. (wrong)
3)方式副词:方式副词通常置于中位,放在它所修饰的动词之后,如果谓语是及物动词,则放在宾语之后。
He spoke slowly to his parents. 他慢吞吞地对父母说话。
The children read their lesson loudly. 孩子们高声朗读课文。
在“动词+介词+宾语”的结构中,方式副词可以放在介词之前,也可以放在宾语之后。
They looked sadly at the master. 他们都愁容满面地望着老师。
Mr. Crossett looked at us curiously. 克罗塞特先生用好奇的目光打量着我们。
4)程度副词:程度副词通常置于中位,放在它所修饰的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语之前。
She was seriously ill. 她病得很重。
He played the violin fairly well. 他小提琴拉得相当好。
We'll wholly support you. 我们将全力支持你。
Lincoln was strongly against slavery. 林肯强烈反对奴隶制度。
副词enough要放在它所修饰的形容词、副词之后。
The room is large enough for us three to live in.
这个房间供我们三人住是足够大的了。
He didn't work hard enough. 他工作不够勤奋。
5)频度副词:频度副词通常置于中位,放在它所修饰的动词之前,如果谓语部分有情态动词或助动词,则放在情态动词或第一助动词之后。
He rarely writes to me. 他很少给我写信。
You must always keep it in mind. 这一点你要常记在心。
Be careful! You have almost been knocked down. 当心!你差点被撞倒。
当句中的谓语是连系动词be,频度副词应放在be之后
He is scarcely in time for meals. 他难得准时用餐。
有些频度副词的位置很灵活,可以置于前位,中位或后位。 如sometimes, only, regularly, occasionally, repeatedly, once, frequently等。试比较;
Sometimes we speak English at school.
We sometimes speak English at school.
We speak English at school sometimes.
有时候我们在学校讲英语。
有几个副词如perhaps, only等,有时所放的位置不同,意思也有区别。试比较:
Only Mr Li met the mayor. 只有李先生遇见市长。
Mr Li only met the mayor. 李先生只遇见市长。
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