雅思阅读备考技巧别被那些熟悉的小词骗了
很多学生在雅思阅读准备过程中只是大量做题,而忽视词汇量的积累,另外有一部分学生在词汇上下了一定的功夫,但是碰到的问题却是,单词都认识,偏偏就是看不懂意思。因此,在定位到答案所在文章段落某一句的时候,还是不能理解或是出现误解而不能解答题目,这个是相当可惜的。下面是小编为您收集整理的别被那些熟悉的小词骗了,供大家参考!
雅思阅读备考技巧:别被那些熟悉的小词骗了
雅思阅读的准备过程中,后期会侧重于对篇章整体架构的把握,以及针对各类题型应试技巧的掌握。但作为考试准备的前期阶段,作为基本功的单词,无疑需要作为重点来进行突破。
以下主要就雅思阅读剑桥真题部分的一些存在熟词多义的题目进行解析:
1、drive
C4T1P1:
In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests。
这是一个复杂的长难句,一共出现了三处定语从句,一处ways in which, 一处factors which,一处activities which。
drive的主语为连接代词which代指的先行词factors,提取之后变为factors drive the activities, 这里如果将这里作为动词的drive 翻译成驾驶,句子是完成不通顺的,我们从后一处的定语从句中得知,activities指的是破坏雨林的行为,也就是前面的社会经济和政治因素drive了一些破坏雨林的行为,也就是说,这里的drive是导致,迫使的意思。
C6T1P2
选项型SUMMARY
Q24: Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier。
文章E段 To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers。 Most of the world‘s disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia。 This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship。 Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market。
通过manufacturers of computers定位到E段。阅读后我们可以知道电脑制造商集中在东南亚制造和进口disk drives而不是本国市场。如果同学对电脑知识比较了解的话,对于drive在这里的理解应该问题不大。根据一定的语法知识我们看得出这里的disk drives和disk-drive是名词用法,可通过drive的基本含义“驾驶”进一步引申理解,“驾驶磁盘”过渡为“让磁盘启动”,正确的理解含义为:磁盘驱动器。对应到题目提供的选项“B。 components”
2、subject
我们知道它由“科目”的意思,词汇稍好的同学还会知道它还有“主语”和“主题”的含义。我们来看下面一题:
C5T1P2
单选题 Q20 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether
A。 a 450-volt shock was dangerous。
B。 punishment helps learning。
C。 the pupils were honest。
D。 they were suited to teaching。
文章A段 Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils‘ ability to learn。
文章这里的‘teacher-subject’打了引号,也就是说即便同学你不认识,把它当作一个特殊词符号,不理解不影响做题。不过明显的是,把“科目”“主语”“主题”放这里,都不好理解。在雅思阅读学术实验类的文章中,subject是个高频词汇,作为“实验对象”的含义来使用, 有时会同义替换为volunteer或participant。
C8T1P3
表格填空Q38 The results were then subjected to a 38……………………。
文章:In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a ‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies。
通过冠词a我们可以知道此空填名词单数,并且从表格纵轴同行的特殊定位词in 1987,我们找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠词a的三处,到底三处后的单词填哪个呢。单词不会,语法来凑,通过题目和文章的主干结构的一致性:A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C, 由于Honorton是人名且不符合填词规定,顺理成章的‘meta-analysis’成为我们的选填对象。那subject to到底什么意思呢,通过文章,我们可以知道大概是被研究的意思,查了字典我们就了解,正确含义为“受…支配”。
类似的用法单词还有:
1、state n。 (美国的)州,状态,政府,adj。 国家的,国立的 v。陈述,说明
C8T4P1 判断题Q8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools。 State-run adj国立的
C7T4P1 第5段 There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says。 State n。状态
2、coin n。 硬币, v。 创造,铸造
C7T1P1 E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments。 Coin v 创造(first used)
3、spoke v。 speak过去式,n 车轮的辐条(C4T1P3)
4、 tuition n。 学费,课程,讲授,教学(C4T1P1)
5、 complaint n。 抱怨,抗议,疾病(C4T2P2)
6、interest v。 是感兴趣n。 兴趣,利益,利息(C4T3P1)
7、leaves v。 leave的动词三单形式 n。叶子(Pl)(C8T4P3)
8、press v。 按压,n。 印刷,新闻工作者,新闻(C5T1P3/C5T4P2)
(pressing adj。 迫切的,急切的 C7T1P2)
以上介绍的一些雅思单词多义词,很多都是英语(精品课)初学者都知道的词汇,偏偏以为很简单的词,但是放到雅思阅读里,还是难道了许多同学。英语中有相当数量的多义词,英语最常用的4000个高频词根基上都是多义词,平均每个词都有两到三个意思,因此在学习过程当中,一定要特意留心一个单词的词性和同词性的其它含义,通过不同的语言环境和背景去理解和记忆,从而逐渐消除由于一词多义而造成的理解障碍,提高解题效率。
雅思阅读技巧:做单选题必须遵循的两个规则
雅思阅读中的单选题实际上是烤鸭们最熟悉的英语题型,但这类题却让不少烤鸭黯然神伤。常常找得到,看得懂,做不对。不但浪费了时间,而且答对率也不理想。今天为大家分析一道选自剑7P28的单选题Q27,旨在帮助烤鸭们加深对单选题出题思路的理解。解析之前,大家不妨试一下,题目如下:
The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with
Athe power of suggestion in learning.
Ba particular technique for learning based on emotions.
Cthe effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.
Dways of learning which are not traditional.
对应原文:
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.
不知大家的选择如何,但笔者的学生基本上把四个选项选了个遍。下面我们按照常规思路来逐一分析。
读懂题干不难,问这本书是关于啥的。由于此题为本文首题,且题干中书名为斜体,定位文章首段没有任何问题。
选A选项的同学大有人在,并且给出了理由,原文明确指出了‘focuses on the power of suggestion’。但稍微细心点,回到原文我们发现‘One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.’这句话中,‘focuses on the power of suggestion’主语which指的是不是book呢,大部分学员都恍然大悟这句话指的是书中的theory。原文中描述对象为theory, 而题目问的是book, 描述对象的截然不同就被小烤鸭们华丽丽地忽视了。A项的偷换主语,成功地起到了张冠李戴的作用。
B选项‘a particular technique for learning based on emotions’包含了learning 和 emotions,且都为文中的信息,但信息不全,且干扰性远没有C选项大。C选项‘the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious’在很多烤鸭眼中呼应了原文中的‘describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning’。但大家可以核对一下结构effect of A on B, 选项中A 为emotion,B 为imagination and the unconscious,而原文中 A为emotion, imagination and the unconscious,B为learning。错误选项C对原文进行了偷梁换柱,迷惑了不少呆萌的烤鸭。
而正确答案D项‘ways of learning which are not traditional’貌似与原文联系最小,但大家只要抓住题干的主语book, 就会发现原文‘Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning’直接给出了答案,只不过运用了‘否定+反义词’这一同义替换手段,即将new替换为not traditional。另外,approaches 替换为ways,也一定程度上增加了难度。
我们回过头来再看这一题时,有两点需要反思。其一,我们应该把更对的注意力放在题干的解读上,搞清楚问题的主语是谁,就不至于总试图在原文中多读些信息,然后再凭感觉来选了。这样的话,读到原文中的第二句话‘One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.’的前半部分识别出这句话主语为theory时,就应该不要再读了,因为与题干的提问对象不符。其二,严格按照原文提供的信息筛选选项。选项B和C很明显是对原文中‘describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning’的改写,稍作核对,应该可以顺利排除。毕竟,干扰选项在文中往往会有所涉及,要么偷梁换柱,要么信息不全。这时候,无端的臆想和一时的大意,都有可能阴沟翻船。
总结起来,做单选题的基本原则就是‘抓主语,文章说’。题干主语提供了描述对象,明确了方向,而尊重文章给出的信息,就可以避免自己的一时大意和主观臆想。
下面为各位烤鸭推荐一道类似题目(C5P27Q36)
The writer suggests that newspapers print items that arc intended to
Aeducate readers.
Bmeet their readers' expectations.
Cencourage feedback from readers.
Dmislead readers.
原文如下:
A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception.