九年级英语语法(5)
九年级英语语法
五、动词不定式：由to + 动词原形构成，没有人称和数的变化，有时to可以省略。在句中
除了不能做谓语外，能够作其他一切成分。还能拥有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。
1、动词不定式的句法功能：
*做主语。常用It + be + 形容词+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.结构。
of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful等
for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous等
*做表语。常用在等连系动词后面，若主语很长而表语很短，可以将两者颠倒过来。
His job is to sell the computers. He seems to be interested in the detective stories.
*做状语。表目的：She was here to visit her daughter. 表原因：I’m sorry to trouble you.
表结果：The box is too heavy to carry. 表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.
*做定语。放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，若它与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，这个不定式应
为及物的。如：I was the first to come. I have no pens to write with. (动宾关系)
*做宾语。常见的动词有：want, agree, choose, try, decide, hope, wish, learn,
fail, would like to do sth.
*做宾语补足语。
1.)必须使用 to的动词有：ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow,
wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth.
2.)不能使用to的动词有：have, make, let; see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth
注意：在主动语态中，to 要省略;而在被动语态中，to 必须加上
3.)可以使用to，也可以不用的动词：help
*疑问词(除why外) + 动词不定式 (what, when, how, where, which + to do sth.)
2. 下列一些动词后面只能跟动名词(动词的 –ing 形式)作宾语:
enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, can’t help
be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on
3. 下列一些动词后面可以跟动词不定式也可以跟动名词。
1.)意义相同或相近的有：begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, plan
2.)意思不同的有：forget, remember, stop, see, hear, go on
4. 注意： had better (not) do sth, would rather (not) do sth
5. 动词不定式的否定形式直接在不定式前面加to
九年级英语语法：主谓一致
一、就近原则：either……or…… neither……nor…… not only…….but also……
There / Here be +并列主语.
二、意义一致原则：
1.集体名词 ( class, family等 )做主语时，可根据意义判断。
His family has moved into a new house. His family were having supper then.
主语是数目、时间、金钱、距离时，动词用单数。
2.主语+ as well as / with / together with / like / but / except + 动词单数。
Everyone except the twins has been to the Great Wall.
Lily with her friends is going to the zoo tomorrow.
3.下列一些不定代词做主语，动词用单数。each, either, neither, something,
anything, somebody, anybody等。
4.The + 形容词 / 过去分词 + 动词复数 The wounded were looked after well in the hospital.
The weak, like the strong, have many friends in the world.
5. glasses, trousers, shoes, scissors等单独做主语时，动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of
连用时，动词与pair的数保持一致。 The pair of glasses fits you well.
九年级英语语法：句子
句 子 (一)
根据句子的结构可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句
一、简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。根据句子的结构，
又可分为五种：1、 S + V. 主语 + 不及物动词。 2、S + V + O. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。
3、S + V + P. 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语。
4、S + V + IO + DO. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。可以转换成：
主语 + 直接宾语 + for 或 to + 间接宾语。
常见的这类动词有： buy, bring, make , choose, get sth. for sb.
teach, give, pass, hand(传递), show, offer, sell, lend, take, send sth to sb.
5、S + V + O + C. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。
二、并列句：常由or, but, and, so for等词将两个简单句连接，表示转折，递进等关系。
三、复合句：包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。
1、宾语从句 掌握以下内容：* 引导宾语从句的引导词; * 掌握宾语从句的语序;
*掌握宾语从句的时态一致
2、状语从句
(1)时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as等。
时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
注意下列几个词的区别：
when: *当……的时候 指一点时间,表示短暂性动作 *指一段时间,表示持续性的动作
*什么时候 引导宾语从句
while:*表示持续性的动作或状态 *具有对比的含义, 意为 “然而”
as: 表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用. “一边…一边…” 随着..
As we walked, we talked. As time went by, we knew each other better and better.
(2)原因状语从句 because(因为), since(既然), as (由于), for(因为)
(3)条件状语从句if(如果) unless(除非)
在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时.
(4)结果状语从句so + 形容词 / 副词 + that + 句子 such + 名词 + that…
*such + a (an) + 形容词+ 名词= so + 形容词+ a (an) + 名词
(5)目的状语从句so that, in order that, (in order to do sth. so as to do sth)
(6)比较状语从句as…as… than, not as / so … as…
(7)让步状语从句though, although, even though…
3、定语从句: 修饰名词或代词的从句, 放在名词或代词的后面.
通常: 名词(人) + who / whom / that + 句子 名词(物) + which / that + 句子
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用 which 指物, 不用 that.
I have lost my bag, which I like very much.
(2)关系代词在从句中做主语时,从句动词的单复数形式和先行词保持一致.
Do you know the man who is standing against the door?
(3)下列几种情况只能用 that 引导宾语从句:
*先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等, 如:
All that we have to do is to practise more. There is nothing that I can do for you.
*先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,如: The first letter that I got from him is kept well.
*先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时,如:
I have eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)由when, where, why 引导的定语从句
I don’t know the reason why he was late. This is the place where I have lived for five years.
I’ll never forget the day when I met Mr. Li for the first time.
先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的动词是及物的,就用that (which),
如果动词不及物,就用where引导. This is the house that he has lived in for five years.
This is the house where he has lived for five years.
句 子(二)
根据句子的功能，可以把句子分为四类：陈述句(肯定句和否定句);疑问句(一般疑问句， 特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句);祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句：
1、肯定句
2、否定句：
(1) 加 not 构成的否定句
(2)由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing, little, few等构成的否定句
两者的全部否定用neither或nor，部分否定用both + not;
三者或三者以上的全部否定用none, nothing, nobody, no one等，部分否定用all, many,every加not构成。
(3)否定前置，常见的动词有：think, believe, suppose
二、疑问句 1.一般疑问句：用 yes 或 no 回答
2.特殊疑问句：用疑问词(what, who, whom, whose, which, where, when, how, why 以及它们构成的一些短语)提问的句子。
3. 选择疑问句：一般疑问句 + or + 选择对象 不能用 yes 或 no 回答
4.反意疑问句： 陈述句 + 简略的一般疑问句。 陈述句部分和疑问句部分的肯定、否定形式相反。注意以下一些内容：
(1)简略问句的主语和陈述部分保持一致，只能用人称代词(there除外)，简略问句的动词也和陈述部分保持一致，如果是否定，要用缩写形式。如：
Jin isn’t a student, is he? There are some books in it, aren’t there?
(2)陈述部分是I’m…结构，疑问部分一般用aren’t you， 如： I’m late, aren’t I?
(3)陈述部分有little, few, no, never, nothing, hardly, nobody等词表示否定时，疑问部分用肯定。
(4)祈使句的反意疑问句： 祈使句，will you? Let’s…, shall we?
(5)宾语从句的反意疑问句常和主句保持一致，但如果主句是I think / believe / suppose时，
疑问部分的主语应和从句保持一致。I don’t think he knows it, does he?
三、祈使句：表示命令、请求或建议。肯定形式用动词原形.
否定形式用 “Don’t / Never + 动词原形.”
四、感叹句：常由what 或 how开头
What + 形容词 +名词 + 主语+ 动词. What a nice house it is! What fine weather!
How + 形容词 + 主语 + 连系动词。 How happy they look! How interesting the story is!
How + 副词 + 主语 + 实义动词。 How happy they are laughing!
How + 主语 + 动词 How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!
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