21世纪大学第三册英语课后习题答案(3)
21世纪大学第三册英语课后习题答案
6单元
TEXT A
II
1.The funeral of a friend, who died when a car coming in the other direction broke through the guard rail and smashed head on into his.
2.The driver of the other car was under the influence of alcohol.
3.The driver who killed her friend. The author would like the woman to see for herself how many people's lives she has affected, and how.
4.Someone is killed in a highway accident in which one of the drivers is under the influence of alcohol.
5.That death is not the only thing these accidents cause: The lives of survivors are altered forever.
6.She wants the reader to feel that the deaths are not just statistics, but real people. The use of family terms emphasizes the immediacy of the effects of the deaths on survivors. It also brings the reader in more closely, because s/he has the "same" family relationships.
7.A person who is struggling with grief over the death of a loved one.
8.It means: "Society tolerates this very high frequency of death caused by drunk driving." It implies that we can and should take stronger measures to stop drunk driving.
III 1.despair 2.injured 3.fade 4.revenge 5.soothe 6.shattered 7.defied 8.leaks
9.nightmare 10.fragments
IV
1. to comment on
to express her feelings about; to make a statement about
2. went out of control
became impossible to restrain
smashed head on into
collided with, front-end first
3. pulled up in front of
came to a stop (in a car) just outside
4. take back what I said
change or deny my earlier statement
5. by chance
unexpectedly, without planning or preparing
V
These are open discussion questions with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers — anything grammatical that shows understanding of the target vocabulary is excellent. Please make sure the students understand that this exercise is an opportunity for them to practice their English as they feel is appropriate and useful for them. Their answers can be whole paragraphs, or just single sentences; and/or they can produce several different short answers to each question — it's up to them. The only requirement is that they use at least one of the vocabulary items in each sentence they write (and that the sentences make some kind of sense!).
VI
A. 1.warmth 2.truth 3.breadth 4.death 5.depth
6.growth 7.length 8.youth 9.strength 10.width
B
1. The river is 50 meters in width.
2. After her parents'deaths (or: the deaths of her parents), she was sent to live with her
grandparents.
3. As a youth, he showed no talent for or interest in poetry.
4. The rapid growth of the world population is a cause for serious alarm.
5. Admitting you’re wrong is a sign of strength.
6. It seems there’s some truth in what she said.
VII
1.firsthand 2.long-distance 3.hard-line 4.left-hand
5.full-time 6.second-hand 7.high-speed 8.freshwater
VIII
A 1.wrong 2.wrong 3.right(if you consider it literally) 4.wrong
B 1.wrong 2.wrong 3.right 4.wrong 5.right 6.wrong
IX
1.I wish you hadn't told Anne what I said about her.
2.Julie wished she'd given Roger the message.
3.I wish Peter didn't have to leave so early.
4.I wish I'd had more time to spend with him.
5.George wished that he'd been able to attend the meeting. OR George wished that he could have attended the meeting.
6.I wish I hadn't eaten all that cake.
7.Susan wished she hadn't lost her temper.
8.I wish this exercise were easier.
X BBDCD ACDAD CCDAD BAB
XI
每23分钟。一颗心破碎了。某个人的苦痛冲破她躯体的束缚，伴着眼泪流出，随着哭声迸发，反抗着一切抚慰其绝望心情的努力。睡眠无法使她逃脱醒来时的噩梦。清晨带来的只是无法挽回的损失。每23分钟
XII
1.I wish you could adopt a more reasonable attitude towards the event.
2.I broke my leg in the car accident and so did my son.
3.The old woman, overwhelmed by grief, could hardly/barely walk on her own.
4.It was 50 years after his death that his accomplishments were acknowledged by society.
5.Where there were flames of war, now there are peace and prosperity.
6.He is seriously ill and his disease defies the healing power of any medicine.
7.He has lost confidence in life — the future has blurred and gone blank and his early hopes have faded into nothingness.
8.Little Tom realized that nothing could change the harsh reality that his family had fallen apart with his parents' sudden deaths.
XIII
1. The repetitions are “Every 23 minutes.”
2. There is a matching relationship among Paragraphs 24 to 26, Paragraphs 27 to 29 and Paragraphs 30 to 32. The matching relationship emphasizes the emotional effects of accidental deaths on survivors. A void opens, a heart breaks and a dreams ends. It seems there is no love, no escape and no future. Everything fades into nothingness.
XIV
Restrict Smoking in Public Places?
Should we allow smoking in public places? Some people are against restricting smoking in public places. They argue that restricting smoking would set up two classes of citizens — smokers and nonsmokers — and would be very confrontational. Such restrictions give nonsmokers virtual dictatorial power to determine where smoking may not be permitted. Moreover, they argue that people working in the same office can't be segregated because they have to communicate with each other.I would argue, on the other hand, that people can't ignore the dangerous effects of second-hand smoke. According to available statistics, about 5,000 Americans die each year because of second-hand smoke. Smoking is slow-motion suicide and second-hand smoke is slow-motion murder. Therefore, smoking should be banned in schools, hospitals, sports arenas, convention halls, theatres or other public places where people have to stay or wait. Businesses that permit smoking at work can provide a room or segregate smokers in one part of a room with proper ventilation. What is more, employees will save money by reducing illness and absenteeism if smoking is restricted in public places.
TEXT B
II TTFFT TFFFF FT
III
See You in Court
As usual, there are many possibilities, all of which are fine. But accuse and sue may be the most obvious, since they’re not nouns referring to people (although Sue would be, if it were capitalized!).Please note that some of the words have been learned before in our series: attorney (3-5a, Ex.), criminal (3-5A), convict (3-6B), witness (2-8A), solicitor (3-5a, Ex.) and suspect (2-5B). Here are the new words learned in this exercise:
Band 4: accuse (指控，控告), jury (陪审团)Band 6: defendant (被告), magistrate (地方法官), sue (控告，起诉)
IV
1.suspended 2.criteria 3.convicted 4.internal 5.percentage
6.cooperate 7.crisis 8.penalty 9conservative 10.statistics
11.deadly 12.applicants 13.procedure 14.hazard
V 1.keep to 2.unaware of 3.at risk 4.inflict...on 5.comparable...to 6.passed out
7单元
TEXT A
II
1.She enjoys these hobbies, and is competent enough in other areas.
2.They used to be a mark of class, of leisure, and it was enough to be somewhat familiar with them. Now we're expected to be experts even in our hobbies.
3.She's illustrating an attitude that dominates leisure sports and intimidates many people into avoiding them.
4.It makes them uncharitable in their thinking, too competitive to enjoy their hobbies, and causes them too much stress. The examples she gives are the boy who didn't want a less-than-great player on his soccer team, and a girl who has "no free time" because school and her hobbies eat up all her time.
5.That this over-ambitious attitude toward hobbies intimidates many people into avoiding them.
6.She suspects that this degree of ambition and compulsion in what are supposed to be leisure activities is unhealthy.
7.She recommends that we should all take up a leisure activity and make a point of never mastering it. She hopes this will remind us how to relax and enjoy our leisure time.
8.Enthusiasm independent of success, "the joy of creative fooling around."
III
1.hobbies 2.peculiar 3.squeezes 4.leisure 5.stumbled
6.discouraged 7.overhearing 8.recreation 9.sole 10.wrecked
IV
1.I know you're afraid, but you really shouldn't keep putting off your visit to the dentist. [or: keep putting your visit to the dentist off]
2.She had a good shot at getting a promotion, but she blew it when she insulted one of our best customers.
3.Many teachers complain that the existing exam system gets in the way of real improvements in teaching methods.
4.No one thought George would ever learn Japanese, but as it happens he picked it up in no time.
5.What a mess your room is! Why don't you clean it up?
6.If you keep fooling around, you're going to get into trouble.
7.I've gotten kind of out of shape, so I've started going to the gym once a week to see if I can tone myself up. [or: tone up or: tone up my body]
V
These are open-ended discussion questions with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers — anything grammatical that shows understanding of the target vocabulary is excellent. Please make sure the students understand that this exercise is an opportunity for them to practice their English as they feel is appropriate and useful for them. Their answers can be whole paragraphs, or just single sentences; and/or they can produce several different short answers to each question — it's up to them. The only requirement is that they use at least one of the vocabulary items in each sentence they write (and that the sentences make some kind of sense!).
VI
1.proportionate 2.affectionate 3.passionate 4.collegiate 5.irate 6.compassionate
VII
1.far-sighted 2.short-tempered 3.blue-eyed
4.narrow-minded 5.hard-headed 6.good-natured
VIII
A. Dressing Up!
Note that the students learned "gym shoes" in 3-7A.
There are countless possibilities for the question of who wears what. Anything's okay, as long as it shows comprehension. But:
Band 4:blouse (女衬衫): most females
crown (王冠): monarchs
gym shoes (体操鞋, 球鞋): athletes? most young people?
mask (面具): criminals? skiers? knights?
pants (裤子): most people, especially if you mean UK pants!
Band 6:armour (盔甲): knights
cape (斗篷，披肩): Batman? Superman?
helmet (头盔): soldiers? motorcyclists?
veil (面纱): brides? belly dancers?
hose (长统袜，短统袜): most people (it can refer to ordinary socks, not just pantihose)
B. Exercise Time! Note that "leap" (3-5A), "squeeze" (3-7A) and "stumble" (3-7A) are not new to the students.Students should demonstrate the verbs without hurting themselves. It's fun — and a great aid to retention — for the teacher to command in random order and with rapid speed, or for a student or two to stand up and give the orders to their classmates.
Band 4:Lick (舔) your lips, then blow your nose (擤鼻子).
Shiver (战栗).
Twist around (转身).
Leap up (跳跃).
Squeeze (挤压) someone's hand.
Bump (碰，撞) into somebody, then flee (逃掉)!
Band 6:Stumble towards (蹒跚地走) somebody and tickle (搔痒) him/her!
Slump over (重重地倒下).
Quiver (颤抖).
Whirl around (旋转).
C. And as long as we're acting silly: Make these noises too!
Band 4:Bang (猛击) on your desk, click (发出咔哒声) your teeth, then bark (叫)!
Band 6:Buzz (发出嗡嗡声), giggle (咯咯笑), hum (哼曲子发嗡嗡声), then groan (呻吟) ...
New Band 4 words from this exercise:
blouse, crown, mask, lick, blow, shiver, twist, bump, flee, bang, click, bark
New Band 6 words from this exercise: armour, cape, helmet, hose, veil, flare, slump, quiver, sniff, whirl, tickle, buzz, giggle, hum, groan
IX
1.As far as your mother and I are concerned
2.as far as vocabulary is concerned
3.as far as service is concerned
4.As far as the new development plan is concerned
5.as far as salary is concerned
6.As far as I'm concerned
X
1.went 2.washed 3.lock 4.did 5.realized
XI
CDADB CDCCD ADBDA ACBAD
XII
遗憾的是，“三脚猫”已经过时了。过去如果一位女士或先生会唱一点，画一点，拉一点小提琴，那就是一种地位的标志。你不必很出色;问题是你很幸运，拥有这一份闲情逸致。但是在今天充满竞争的世界里我们甚至在业余爱好方面也必须是“专家”才行。
XIII
1.As long as you enjoy your hobby, you don't have to feel ashamed of being mediocre at it. It doesn't matter what others think of you.
2.Money is becoming a big deal in competitive sports, but we must make sure that it doesn't get in the way of what's important.
3.We all need some form of exercise every now and then to keep ourselves in good shape.
4.I've said over and over it's time you tidied up your room, but you keep putting it off. 5.He only took up painting a couple of years ago, so his technique isn't up to professional standards. Can you give him some instruction?
6.Health experts are trying to discourage people from smoking by informing them of its dangers.
7.Being committed to your job is fine, of course, but you shouldn't let work eat up all your leisure time.
8.As far as I'm concerned, both jobs and hobbies should be seriously considered.
XIV
Paragraph 6: People can't enjoy dancing as entertainment. "Going dancing" doesn't anymore mean putting on a pretty dress and doing a few turns around the dance floor. Instead it means squeezing into tights and leg warmers, then sweating through six hours of warm-ups, five hours of ballet and four hours of jazz every week.Paragraph 9: People do not take up new hobbies since they don't have the time to perfect them. A woman does not want to learn a foreign language because she can't become fluent in the language within one year. Low level accomplishment only embarrasses her.
Paragraph 12 echoes Paragraphs 1 and 2, for both deal with the author's life experiences of doing hobbies just for the sake of entertainment or physical development. The author strongly believes that people should enjoy their "creative fooling around" and that they don't have to be "experts" in everything so long as they are good at one or two other things.
XV
A Small Act of Kindness
Once I was traveling in a small poverty-stricken town in South Africa. On a bus a woman gave a package of biscuits to a poor and hungry child she didn't know. This small act of kindness cost her little but it brought great joy to the child and some comfort to the grandfather who carried the child on his back.
The effect of that act might have stopped there but it didn't. Other people on the bus saw and felt drawn to the child and his silent guardian. They opened their hearts and became interested in the plight of these two. Many people on the bus offered whatever they had to help them. There is no telling what kindness to others this remembrance will lead to. I shared the story with my teachers and classmates upon my return. It touched their hearts and made them more aware of others.
Many say that one person can not make a difference in society but this is wrong. From one woman's kindness on a bus, many others learned about compassion. And from each of them, many others will also learn the power of compassion. (191 words)
TEXT B
II ACACC CAA
III
Homes of the Rich and Famous
We hope the students have fun designing these strange homes! Whatever they produce will be brilliant, no doubt!
Please notice that some of the words are not new to the students such as carpet (2-6A), gym (3-7A), status (1-2B) and couch (3-7B). Here are the new words along with their meanings, which are connected with home designing.
Band 4:at least one balcony阳台, many carpets地毯, a lot of cupboards食橱, a gym健身房, more than one lavatory盥洗室, some pillars支柱 and several statues塑像
Band 6:some arches拱门, lots of couches长沙发, a dome穹顶, a lounge休息厅, some sculptures雕塑品, at least two staircases楼梯, a terrace平台，阳台, and a throne room觐见室，贵宾室
IV
1.illusion 2.bargain 3.wasteful 4.consumption 5.simplify 6.indoors 7.inexpensive
8.saturated 9.temptation 10.voluntary 11.unnecessary 12.furnished
V
1.keep track of 2.in return 3.came across 4.cut down on
5.do without;do without 6.gave...way 7.in harmony with 8.going to waste
9.in the face of