课外英语单词本考研笔记
课外英语单词本考研笔记
翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇，而词汇量是巨大的，必须要有日常的积累和复习，并且掌握科学的记忆方法，才能最有效地积累词汇量。下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记以供大家参考。
(1)
1、anomaly(n)anomalous thing;irregularity 异常的事物，不合规则
The many anomalies in the tax system 税务制度中的多种异常现象
◎ anomalous(adj)different from what is normal;irregular 异常的，不规则的
He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time worker in the firm。他与众 不同，是公司唯一的兼职人员。
★ abnormal(adj)different，esp in an undesirable way，from what is normal，ordinary or expected 反常的，不正常的，变态的
abnormal weather conditions 反常的天气
◎ abnormality(n)异常，反常，变态
★ irregular(adj) not regular in shape，arrangement，etc，uneven (形状)不规则的，(安 排)无规律的，不平坦的 ～ in sth
a coast with an irregular outline 曲折的海岸线
(adj)not happening，coming，going，etc regularly;varying or unequal (发生，来去等) 无规律的，不平坦的
occur at irregular intervals 不定期发生
(adj)contrary to the rules or what is normal or established 不规则的，不合常规的，非正规的。
◎ irregularity(n)不整齐，不平坦，不规则，不合常规
2、converge(vi) (of lines，moving objects，etc)(come towards each other and) meet at a point (指线条、运动的物体等)会于一点，向一点会合，聚集 ～ on sb/sth;～ at sth
armies converging on the capital city 向首都集结的各路军队
(vi)become similar or identical (趋于)相似或相同
Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge 我们原来相互对立 的观点开始趋于一致。
◎ convergent(adj)相交的，趋于一致的
◎ convergence(n)
★ focus(n)(pl focuses or foci)(光、声等的)中心点，源;焦点，焦距;聚集，调焦;活 动的中心，使人感兴趣的所在
In tonight’s programme our focus is on Germany。今天晚上我们的节目重点介绍德国。
(vi) become able to see clearly 能够看清楚
His eyes focused slowly in the dark room 他在那间黑屋子里眼睛慢慢看清了东西。
(vt)cause sth to be concentrated at a point 使某物集中(于一点);将注意力集中于某事物 ～ sth on sth
Please focus your minds on the following problem 请集中考虑以下问题
3、duplicate(adj)(做定语) exactly like something else;identical (与另一物)完全一样 的。完全相同的
a duplicate set of keys (与另一套)完全相同的一套钥匙。
(n)one of two or more things that are exactly alike;copy 相似物，复制品
Is this a duplicate or original?这是复制件还是原件?
(vt)(尤用于被动语态)复制某物;再一次做某事(尤指没必要的)，重复
This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere 这项研究仅仅是重 复别人已经做过的工作。
◎ duplication(n)复制，重复
★ double(n)两倍，加倍
He’s paid double for the same job 他做同样的工作，报酬比别人多一倍。
(n)person or thing that looks very like another 酷似的人或事物
She’s the double of her mother at the same age。她和她母亲年轻时十分相似。
4、epoch(n)纪元，时代，时期
Einstein’s theory marked a new epoch in mathematics 爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元。
★ age(n)(具有某种特征或特殊事件的)历史时期，时代
the modern age 现代
5、gaunt(adj)(of a person)made exceptionally thin by hunger or illness;haggard;(指人)(因饥饿或疾病)憔悴的，骨瘦如柴的
the gaunt face of a starving man 饿汉憔悴的面容
(adj)(of a place)bare desolate (指地方)不毛的，荒凉的
★ haggard(adj)looking tired and unhappy，esp from worry，lack of sleep 憔悴的，形容枯 槁的(尤因忧愁或缺觉等所致)
6、incessant(adj) not stopping，continual 不停的，连续的，不断的
★ continuous(adj)便是动作或物体继续不停的或不间断的进行下去
★ continual(adj)一般指多次重复的动作
7、mute(adj)silent，making no sound 沉默的，无声的;
remain mute 保持沉默
(adj)(旧)(of people)unable to speak，dumb (指人)不能说话的，哑的
★ silent(adj)寂静的，无声的
(adj)沉默的，不发表意见的
On certain important details the report remains strangely silent 这份报告在某些 重要的细节问题上只字未提，莫名其妙
8、partisan(n)(对某人、团体或事业)热心而常为盲目的拥护者
★ defender(n)后卫
9、scan(vt)look at every part of sth carefully;examine with great attention 细看(某物的) 各部;仔细检查(某物)
He scanned the horizon，looking for land 他细看天水相连的地方，寻找陆地。
(vt)匆匆而粗略的看
She scanned the newspaper over breakfast。她吃着早饭把报纸大略看了一遍
★ overlook(vt)俯瞰，俯视(某处)
My room overlooks the sea 从我的房间可以眺望大海。
(vt)忽视，忽略(某人，某事物)，不理会
He was overlooked when they set about choosing a new manager。选任新经理时没有考虑他。
10、stab(vt) pierce sth or wound sb with a pointed tool or weapon;push a knife，etc into sb/sth
戳(某物)，刺伤(某人)，(用刀等)捅(某人某物)
She stabbed him in the leg with a kitchen knife 她拿菜刀捅伤了他的腿。
(习)stab sb in the back 背地里中伤某人，背叛某人
★ pierce(vt)(of sharp-pointed instruments)go into or through sth (指尖物)刺入、刺 透(某物)
The arrow pierced his shoulder 那枝箭刺入他的肩膀。
(vt)在某物上扎眼，穿孔
She had her ears pierced so that she could wear ear-rings 她已经扎好了耳朵眼好戴耳环。
(2)
1、botch(vt) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work;repair sth badly (笨手笨脚的)弄坏某事物， 把某事物修理的很糟 ～ sth up
The mechanic tried to repair my car， but he really botched it up。那个技工想把我的 汽车修好，可是他一修更糟了。
◎ botcher(n)笨手笨脚的人
★ ruin(vt)cause the destruction of sb/sth 毁坏，毁灭某人/某事物
He ruined his prospects by carelessness。他因疏忽大意而断送了前途
(n、U)severe damage or destruction 毁坏、毁灭，灭亡
The news meant the ruin of all our hopes。这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。
(n、U)毁坏、破产等的原因;祸根
(n、U)破败、坍塌、毁坏的状态
The capital was fallen into ruin。城堡已经破败不堪。
(习语)in ruins 严重受损、破败不堪
A earthquake left the whole town in ruins 那次地震过后，全城到处都是残垣断壁。
★ spoil(vt，pt pp spoilt)make sth useless，valueless or unsatisfactory;ruin 毁掉、损坏、 破坏、糟蹋某事物
The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village。新修的路彻底毁 掉了那个村庄的特色。
(vt)harm the character of (esp a child)by lack of descipline or too mach
generosity，attention，praise，etc 娇惯、宠坏、溺爱(尤指儿童)
That little girl is terribly spoilt。那个小女孩真惯的不象话
(vi)(指食物)变坏，变质，腐败
Some kind of food soon spoil 有些食物容易变质
(习语)be spoilt for choice 因供选择的事物太多而无从下手
◎ spoilage(n)(食物等的)变坏、变质、腐烂
2、chafe(vi)become irritated or impatient because of sth(因某事物)恼怒或不耐烦 ～ at/under sth
The passengers sat chafing at the long delay 乘客们因为长时间的耽误而坐的很不耐烦。
(v)(cause sth to)become sore by rubbing (使某物)因摩擦而疼痛
His shirt collar chafed his neck 他的衬衫领口把脖子磨腾了。
(n)(皮肤受磨擦的)疼处
★ abrade(vt)wear away(skin，fabric，rock，etc)by rubbing;scrape off 磨损(表皮、 织物、岩石等);刮除
◎ abrasion(n)刮除、磨损、擦掉;擦伤处
◎ abrasive(adj)有研磨作用的，粗糙的;伤人感情的，粗鲁的
★ scrape(vt) make (a surface，etc)clean，level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool or sth rough across it 擦净、削平、磨光(某物) ～ sth down/out/off
She is scraping the path clear of snow 她正在把路上的积雪铲掉。
(vt)remove(mud，grease，paint，etc)in this way 除掉(泥、油渍、油漆等) ～
sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off
scrape the dust off 把锈刮去
(vt)injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough，sharp 擦伤或刮坏某物 ～
sth against/on/along sth
I scraped the side of my car against a wall。我的汽车车身蹭墙被划坏了。
(vt)remove(skin，paint，etc)accidentally in this way 擦伤、刮坏(皮肤，油漆等) ～ sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off
I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car 我准是停放汽 车的时候刮掉了一些油漆。
3、dissipate(v)(cause sth to)scatter or vanish (使某事物)消散、消失
Her son’s letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety 她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑。
(vt)waste(time，money，etc)foolishly 浪费(时间、金钱等)
◎ dissipation(n，U)驱散、消散;浪费
★ scatter(v)(cause people or animals to)move，usu quickly，in different directions (使 人或动物)散开
The police scattered the crowd。警察驱散了人群。
(vt)throw sth in different directions;put here and there 撒(某物);散布
We scattered plates of food around the room before the party。我们在聚会前把一盘盘食物摆放在屋 中各处。
(vt) ～ sth with sth 将某物撒在某物表面上
scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上
4、efface(vt)rub or wipe sth out;cause to fade 擦去，抹掉(某事物);使淡薄，使逐渐消 失
Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆。
★ erase(vt)rub or scrape sth out;remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物，消除某事物的 痕迹 ～ sth from sth
5、glint(vi)give out small，bright flashes of light 闪闪发光;指某人的眼睛闪现某种神色
(n)光泽，(尤指光亮硬物的)反光
★ flash(vi)give or send out a brief bright light 发出闪光
6、onerous(adj)needing effort;burdensome 艰巨的，繁重的
This is the most onerous task I have ever undertaken 这是我承担过的最艰巨的任务。
★ arduous(adj)needing much effort or energy;laborious 艰巨的，费力的
The work is arduous and the hours are long 工作吃力，时间又长。
★ laborious(adj)(of work，etc)needing much effort (指工作等)艰苦的，费力的;吃力 的，不流畅的，不自然的
7、iterate(vt)say sth again and again;make(an accusation，a demand，etc)repeatedly 反 复说某事，一再提出(指责，要求等) ～ sth to sb
★ repeat(vt)say or write sth again once or more than once;reiterate 重复说或写，反复重申
(vt)重做或重复(某事物)
Such bargain offers can’t be repeated 这么便宜的价钱不会再有了。
8、propensity(n)inclination or tendency 倾向、习性 ～ for/to/towards sth ～ for doing/to do sth
★ tendency(n)way a person or thing tends to be or behave (人物或呈现的)倾向、趋势 ～
to/towards sth/to do sth
★ inclination(n)feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular way;disposition 倾向、 意向、意愿 ～ to/towards/for sth ～ to do sth
9、singe(vt)blacken sth by burning;scorch 烧焦或烫焦(某物)
The iron’s too hot，you’ll singe the dress 熨斗太热了，你会把衣服烫焦的。
★ scorch(vt)burn or discolour a surface by dry heat 将(物体表面)烧焦、烫糊或烫的变色
I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it。我把衬衫烫糊了。
10、strut(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的走，高视阔步
She strutted past us，ignoring our greeting 她神气活现的从我们跟前走过，我们打招呼她都不理。
★ swagger(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的行走或行事
Don’t swagger just because you got the job 别因为得到了这份工作就得意忘形。
11、unravel(v)(cause sth woven，knotted or tangled to)separate into strands (使编织、 编结或纠结之物)解开，拆开;(比喻)使某物变清楚或获解决
The mystery unravels slowly。那件神秘的事渐渐明朗了。
★ solve(vt)find an answer to a problem，etc;explain or make clear a mystery etc 解决、解答(难题);解释、揭示(秘密等)
solve a crime 破案
(3)
1、bellow(vi)make a deep loud noise like a bull;roar，esp with pain 发出(像牛的)吼叫声; 咆哮(尤指因痛苦)
The bull bellowed angrily 公牛怒吼起来。
(v)say sth loudly or angrily;shout (大声或愤怒的)说出某事;大叫 ～ sth at sb
The music was so loud we had to bellow at each other to be hearted 音乐的声音实在太 大，我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清。
★ shout(vi)(不用于被动语态)大声说，喊，呼 ～ at/to sb ～ out
Don’t shout at me 别冲着我喊!
2、cloak(n)sleeveless outer garment hanging loosely from the shoulders，usu worn out of doors 斗 篷、披风
(n)隐藏或掩护的东西
The spy’s activities were concealed by the cloak of diplomacy 间谍的活动是在外交的 掩护下暗中进行的。
★ mantle(n)loose sleeveless cloak 披风、斗篷
(n)覆盖物
hills with a mantle of snow 覆盖着一层雪的山
3、devout(adj)sincerely religious;pious 虔信宗教的，虔诚的
(adj)sincere;deeply felt 诚挚的，真诚的，衷心的，发自内心的
◎ devoutness(n)
★ pious(adj)having or showing a deep devotion to religion (对宗教)虔诚的
(adj)假虔诚的，虚伪的
He dismissed his critics as pious do-gooders who were afraid to face the facts 他把批评他的人斥之 为不敢面对事实的假善人。
4、guise(n)(古)style of dress 装束;态度，相貌;(尤指)伪装
under the guise of friendship 以友谊为伪装
★ appearance(n)coming into view;arrival 出现，到来
(n)that which shows;外表，外貌，外观
Fine clothes added to his strikingly handsome appearance 华丽的服装使他极其英俊的外貌更 加出色。
5、latent(adj)(尤做定语)existing but not yet active，developed or visible 潜在的，不活跃的， 未发展的，不明显的
a latent abilities 潜在的才能
★ concealed(adj)隐藏的
6、pawn(vt)leave an object with a pawnbroker in exchange for money that can be repaid in order to get the object back 典当、抵押(某物)
He pawned his gold watch to pay the rent 他典当了金表用以交租
★ gage(n)(用以作出估计或判断的)事实、环境、方法、尺度
Is a person’s behavior under stress a reliable gage of his character?人在受到压力时的行 为能做衡量其品性的可靠尺度么?
7、quake(vi)(of the earth)shake (指地)震动、颤动
They felt the ground quake as the bomb exploded 炸弹爆炸时，他们觉得地面都震动的。
★ shudder(vi)shiver violently with cold，fear，etc tremble (因寒冷、恐惧等)发抖、战栗
～ with sth
I shuddered to think of the problem ahead of us。我想到摆在面前的问题就不寒而栗。
8、sequel(n)thing that happens after or as a result of an earlier event 继之而来的事物，有前因的 事物 ～ to sth
His speech had an unfortunate sequel in the in caused a riot 他的演说产生了一种不利的 后果，尤之引发一种骚乱。
★ result(vt) 重建、改建、重组，改组
9、salvage(n)(对船、船上货物的)海上营救 ;(对火灾、水灾的)财务抢救
Salvage of thye wreck was made difficult by had weather 船遇难后， 因天气阿率救援工作十分困难。
★ rescue(vt ) ～ sb/sth from sth/sb (从危险、囚禁等方面)搭救或救出某人
10、virtual(adj)(做定语)事实上的，实际上的，实质上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认)
A virtual state of war between the two countries 两国间实际处于战争状态
★ actual(adj)existing in fact;real 实在的，真实的，实际的，确实的
The actual cost was much higher than we had expected 实际成本比我们预料的高的多。
11、wizard(n)男巫(尤指童话中的);魔术师
★ magician(n)魔术师，变戏法的人
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