英语学习技巧:如何快速消化一篇英语文章

　　编者按：英语的逻辑有因果、转折、让步、对比、否定、递进等，今天重点给大家分析因果、转折和递进关系的英语学习技巧。

　　我们知道，英语是“形合”的语言，重视句法逻辑的明示，必须借助逻辑词或代词来保证形式上的完整。所以，在阅读英语文章时，如果我们能重点关注这些逻辑词，把文章的逻辑关系理顺，那我们的阅读速度可以加快，阅读的正确率也能得到极大提高。

　　一、因果关系

　　1.1为什么重要：强调某件事情发生的原因或者造成的影响。引导读者深入思考。

　　1.2常用标志语：

　　因：because, for, since, as, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, given that, seeing that, in that, now that,

　　果：thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, lest;

　　1.3例子：

　　• Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect slight smells.As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结).

　　• Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

　　A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.

　　B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.

　　C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.

　　D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.

　　原文：One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all— volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals—and so their answer to any request is often "Yes, I can."

　　二、转折关系

　　1.1为什么重要：说明作者前面的话语都是为了铺垫，重点在于“转折”后面的内容。而我们在答题时，也只要重点关注“转折”后面的内容就好。

　　1.2常用标志语：but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

　　1.3 例子：

　　• Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers. "In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance--like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. "

　　• What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

　　A. They should be implemented effectively.

　　B. They provide misleading information.

　　C. They are based on wrong assumptions.

　　D. They help people make rational choices.

　　三、递进关系

　　3.1常用标志词和短语：also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;

　　3.2 例子

　　• What does the author say about midlife today?

　　A) It is more meaningful than other stages of life.

　　B) It is likely to change the narrative of one's life.

　　C) It is more important to those with a longer lifespan.

　　D) It is likely to be a critical turning point in one's life.

　　Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, "the sowing is behind; now is the time to reap. The run has been taken; now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made; now is the time for the venture of the work itself."

　　The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a "measured haste" to get big new things done while there is still time.

　　What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.

　　所以，大家以后在阅读英语文章时，一定要重点去看那些逻辑关联词，因为这才是作者想要强调的重点。

　　作者| Echo

　　公众号：Echo陪你练口语

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