英语-ing式的语态知识讲解

　　-ing式的语态

　　大多数时候，-ing式使用主动语态形式，少数时候使用被动语态形式。

　　(1)当-ing式前面没有his, him之类物主代词或者名词所有格作它的逻辑主语时，-ing式被动语态的逻辑主语一般就是该句的主语。

　　Jack avoided speaking rudely.

　　杰克避免讲话粗鲁。

　　(speaking的逻辑主语就是句子的主语Jack)

　　Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.

　　站了2个小时，她想坐下了。

　　(Having stood的逻辑主语就是句子主语she)

　　She sat on the sofa watching TV.

　　她坐在沙发上看电视。

　　(watching TV的逻辑主语是句子的主语she)

　　(2)-ing式的逻辑主语是这个-ing式动作的承受者时，-ing式要用被动语态形式。

　　Everyone enjoys being praised.

　　每个人都喜欢受表扬。

　　(Everyone是praised的承受者)

　　The man was lying on the couch being examined.

　　那人躺在床上接受检查。

　　(The man是examined的承受者)

　　I found him being criticized by his father.

　　我发现他正受父亲的批评。

　　(him是criticised的承受者)

　　Their being awarded encourages everyone else.

　　他们所受的奖励鼓励着所有其他人。

　　(Their=Them是awarded的承受者)

　　注意：

　　当主语是物体，谓语是need, want, require, deserve时，作宾语的-ing式用主动式代替被动式，因为被动式稍嫌啰嗦。

　　The TV set needs repairing now.

　　这电视机需要修理了。

　　=The TV set needs being repaired now.

　　The walls wants to be whitewashing.

　　墙壁需要粉刷了。

　　= The walls wants to be whitewashed.

　　The food requires to be heating.

　　这个食品需要加热。

　　= The food requires to be heated.

　　此外，形容词worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被动式，而worthy后面则要用不定式的被动语态，或者of加-ing式的被动语态。

　　This movie is worth seeing.

　　这电影值得看。

　　= This movie is worth to be seen.

　　This computer is worthy buying.

　　这台电脑值得买。

　　=This computer is worthy to be bought.

　　= This computer is worthy of being bought

　　本文作者：丹丹英语(公众号：英语语法学习)

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