英语写作：双边列举法的正确运用

　　在雅思大作文的题型中，有一种特殊的题型，题目的最后一句是“Discuss both views and give your own opinion”这种题型被称为“D&G”题型，这种题型让考生去写双边并且给出自己的观点。

　　但是，大部分中国学生的问题在于观点太过中庸，无倾向性，如“both views have their significance”“the purpose is good however it is hard to come true”等等，也就是在Introduction的最后一句没有表现出鲜明的立场，其实这是不对的。

　　其次，双边列举法是考生最稳的得分形式，为什么这么说呢?因为毋庸置疑双边一定比单边好写，好写的原因一是观点一正一反比较好想，二是一正一反能写的话比较多。采用列举式的写法旨在提高文章的逻辑性和条理性，简单明了地让考官明白每个观点有几个小点，分别是什么，让考官快速地明白笔者的想法和逻辑思维的走向。

　　连接词可采用最简单的first, second, third, finally等，也可以使用in addition, moreover, alternative等，总之表现出观点的罗列即可。

　　“双边列举式”就不得不提conclusion，这一段可以说是写作功底的展示，短短的两三句话需要总结整篇文章的观点，所以需要考察学生的同义词转换能力或者名词的概括能力，比如，观点“这个东西好”的两个支撑点是“漂亮”和“实用”那可以用一句due to its external and practicability总结，这里考察的就是名词external和practicability的使用。

　　当然，凡事无绝对，怎么写都不会错，只是说这样的表达方式更为妥帖。

　　念念不忘，必有回响

　　The issue regarding whether making money is the most important goal of businesses is controversial. There are a large number of people who support that businesses should also undertake social responsibilities. Personally, taking social responsibilities is capable of bringing two main benefits despite some existing drawbacks.

　　There is no denying that social responsibility can enhance the reputation and profitability. First, information spread is getting fast since rapid development of information media, which implies that any contribution from enterprises could be easily recognized by public. Thus, this would drive people to form a positive impression to these enterprises, thereby increasing their sales volume. Second, most socially responsible investments are government-supported. Empirically, businesses in purpose of enhancing social welfare, such as infrastructure construction and philanthropy, can gain government financing. Because it can alleviate the burden of government, so that to solve the problems about insufficient fund as well as promote the corporate image.

　　In addition, the fact that undertaking social responsibilities needs high costs may be the most typical reason unaccepted by business men. As known, profitability is the key index of enterprises based on adequate normal profits. Hence, overemphasized social responsibilities might cause companies’ inability to survive. Moreover, this requirement may be considered as unfair treatment to small companies. In contrast to large companies, most small entities are self-sustaining and rely on profits to further develop. Nevertheless, large companies with abundant capitals enable to invest some of funds on public utilities even if unprofitable, as they can treat these funds as advertising fees for corporate image and goodwill.

　　In conclusion, undertaking social responsibilities is beneficial to enterprises, which mainly embodies on two aspects: enhance of reputation and government supporting. However, the contradiction with profitability should not be neglected, it affects some small companies significantly.

　　但据我了解，很多学生并不倾向于单边作文的撰写，首先，时间紧迫，没有充足的时间去想观点，双边一正一反几乎不需花时间思考。其次，逻辑清晰，一正一反逻辑最为清晰了，很多写单边的学生容易描述着就写篇了，导致文章结构不清晰，所以，我在这里为那些只想拿6.5的学生推荐一种写法，叫“双边列举法”

　　顾名思义，就是在每一个主体段里列举出自己的观点，用first，second等连接词去连接观点，十分的清晰明了，非常适合中档学生去练习。

　　【本文作者：Lynn。(公众号：英文写作批改与指导)】

　　本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载!