托福复习半年，连这道阅读题都不会做

托福复习半年，连这道阅读题都不会做

　　例题：

　　Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects.It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects.This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines.Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are.Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them.Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress.Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor.These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work.For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof.This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg.In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there.That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). (OG Example: Applied Arts and Fine Arts)

　　Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance?

　　A.To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of physics that a fine artist must overcome

　　B.To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics

　　C.To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics

　　D.To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology

　　讲解：

　　通过分析题干(为什么作者讨论艺术家在早期意大利文艺复兴时期创作的青铜马雕塑?)，我们知道这道题目属于修辞目的题。

　　首先，根据题干所给细节(例子)，即早期文艺复兴时期的青铜马雕塑，去原文段落中定位(见标红部分)，并将细节所在的那句话读懂(见黄色部分)。黄色部分是在早期意大利文艺复兴时期，青铜马雕塑有一条抬起来的前腿，在前腿的蹄子下面有一枚炮弹(cannonball)，在马蹄子下面放置炮弹是用于支撑马腿的重量。作者为什么要用这个例子?作者想用这个例子阐明什么观点?

　　接下来，我们去例子前面看一看(见蓝色部分)，作者究竟想用这个例子阐明什么。我们通过蓝色部分发现，作者想表达由于一些问题打乱了艺术家对于艺术品的创作理念，所以必须克服或解决这些问题。根据作者所表达的观点，肯定会选择答案A;但对于A选项，同学们肯定会产生如下疑惑：“文章中蓝色部分仅说明艺术家必须克服影响艺术品创作的问题，却没有提到克服关于物理学原理的问题”。

　　此时，同学们不能仅关注“例子前面的一句话”，也要关注“例子所在段的段落大意”(见绿色部分)。通过文章绿色部分可以发现，这段主要讲解物理学原理对于艺术品的影响，所以艺术家需要解决关于物理学原理对于艺术品影响的问题。

　　答案：A

　　本文作者：考情报告(微信公众号：纯青教育)

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