初三上册英语期中知识点
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初三上册英语期中知识点
从句
1.宾语从句
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句主要有三种类型，分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 常见的宾语从句引导词：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很难过你拒绝了我。
2.定语从句
定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高。在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom，所有格whose),as 等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。
Eg. Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
3.状语从句
状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词：
(1)地点状语从句：where,wherever
(2)时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since
(3)原因状语从句：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that,
considering that, in that
(4)目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest
(5)结果状语从句：so...that, such that, so that, with the result that
(6)条件状语从句：if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing
(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as
(7)方式状语从句：as, as if, as though
(8)让步状语从句：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter
whether...or, no matter with
初三上册英语复习知识点
介词by的用法
1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.
有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。
2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。
Your son will be all right by supper time.
你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?
3. 表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4. 表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。
One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。
5. 表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。
What time is it by your watch?
你的表几点了?
6. 和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。
I took him by the hand.
我拉住了他的手。
7. 用于被动句中，表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。
English is spoken by many people.
英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)
初三上册英语必记知识点
一、常用连接词
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系的：What is more, besides
3.表转折对比关系的：However, butAlthough + clause(从句) On the one hand… On the other hand… Some… while others…
4.表因果关系的：Because, As ，So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5.表换一种方式表达：In other words
6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子;For instance，句子;
7.表陈述事实：In fact
8.表达自己观点: In my opinion
9.表总结：In a word In summary
10.文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
(1)宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
(2)状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful
(3)动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.
It's bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.
二、常用状语从句
1.时间：when, not…until, as soon as
2.目的：so that+从句; to do(为了)
3.结果：so…that+从句, too…to do(太……以至于……)
4.条件：if, unless(除非), as long as(只要)
5.让步：though, although, even though, even if ，no matter what/when/where/who/which/how6.比较：as…as…, not so…as…, than
三、重点句型
1.It is said that + 句子 据说…It is reported that + 句子 据报道…
2.There is no need to do 没必要做…
3.It's adj. for sb. to do 做…对某人来说…
4.so/such… that … 如此… 以至于…too … to do 太… 而不能…
5.not…until… 直到…才… 例： I didn't go to bed until my mother came back.
6.The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 … 的原因是…
7.The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. (他生气的原因是她对他说了谎)
8.That is why + 句子 那是…的原因
9.That is because + 句子 那是因为…
10.as we all know, +句子 据我们所知
11.it is generally / publicly known / considered that…, 众所周知