2020年中考英语阅读理解如何复习
许多考生在做阅读理解时，很容易断章取义，对整体文章的目的，意图，观点及立场把握得不是很准确，小编整理了2020年中考英语阅读理解如何复习，希望能帮助到您。
2020年中考英语阅读理解如何复习
阅读能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一个过程，应该持之以恒，进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践，提高阅读能力。阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种：细节理解、词义(组)猜测、推理判断、主旨(段落)大意及标题归纳，下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。
一.细节理解题
常见设题方式：
How many/How much/
What/Who/When/Where/How…?
What does the writer think of…?
Which of the following statements is true/false?
Which of the following is/isn’t mentioned?
Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
题型特点：
细节题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点
1.阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。
2.文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。
解题方法：
1.跳读查找法
这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。中考中很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
例：Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest island in Europe. The country has a total area of 103,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 6,600 km. The island is 300 km wide from north to south, and 500 km across from west to east.
1.In Iceland, the distance from north to south is _________that from west to east.
A much longer than B shorter than
C. the same as D. a little longer than
2.排除法
排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。
例题：
Chinese team first lands>A 12-man Chinese team landed>The team built a station there to study the changes of the weather, get ice samples (标本) from 150 meters to200 meters below, and do other studies. So far, the team has got nearly 100-meter long ice samples from a placeabout 300 meters under the icecap peak.
It is the first time that people have been able to get samples from the icecap peak in Antarctica and it is veryimportant for people to study the weather changes and environmental changes in this area(地区).
The Chinese scientists have also built a weather study system (系统) at the peak. The system can send outinformation about temperature, how strong the wind is, and many other things about the weather.
Q:Put the following in the right order(顺序)according to the passage.
a. They built a station to study the changes of weather
b.A Chinese team landedon Antarctic icecap peak
c. The Chinese scientists built a weather study system
d. They gotice samples from the icecap peak.
A. b→a→d→c
B. b→a→c→d
C.c→b→a→d
D. b→c→d→a
3.简单计算法
数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
例：The destruction of the world’s rain forests has drawn more and more people’s attention. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing(消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers’ students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
53. How much did Myers’ students pay for the rain forest they bought?
A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
二.推理判断题
题型特点：
这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。
常见设题方式：
From the text, it can be inferred that ________.
The passage suggests that_________.
From the passage, we learn that: ________.
What can we learn from the passage?
The writer probably agrees that________.
解题思路：
推理和判断两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
1.正确选项的特点
(1)正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性;
(2)正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等;
(3)正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2.干扰选项的特点
(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论【事实重现(不是推理出来的)】
(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符;【偷梁换柱】
(3)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度【以偏概全】
(4)有部分选项的内容纯属编造。【无中生有】
例题：When I saw him the next day, he was smiling and cheerful as ever. When I bent down to put some change in his cup, I also dropped the watch in. I didn’t say anything about it. I just smiled at him and kept>28. From the passage we can learn that _______.
A. the old man knew the writer had brought him a new watch
B. the old man didn’t see it when the writer put the watch in the cup
C. the writer dropped nothing but a watch in the cup
D. the watch must have cost the writer a lot of money
三.词义(组)猜测
题型特点：
考生应该紧扣原文，根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，既不要望文生义，也不要断章取义，更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。
干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式;而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。
常见设题方式：
What does the underlined word “…” probably mean in Chinese?
What does the word“…”in Paragraph2 probably mean?
The word(s) “…”in Paragraph 4 probably mean(s)…
The underlined word “…” in Paragraph 4 means __________.
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释;
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
例1：Emojis are now used as a new form of expression, and>46. What does the underlined word "millennials" in the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese?
A. 80后 B. 00后 C.独生子女 D.千禧一代:
例2：Thedestructionof the world’s rain forests has drawn more and more people’s attention. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing(消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute!
55. The underlined word “destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A.破坏 B.发展 C.描述 D.保护
具体解题思路：通常，猜测词义题常用下面这八种方法：
方法一：构词法
I.派生词法：根据一部分英语单词的词根，观察词头(前缀)或词尾(后缀)来猜词义。
例题：I will not make friends with adishonestperson.
A.not honestB. not trueC. not lovelyD. not friendly
根据派生词法可知，dis-作为前缀有“not”的意思，所以答案为A。
常见前缀和后缀总结：
方法二：合成词法
(1)由两个单词组成的新词，可根据两个词的意思猜测出新词的词义。
例题：Overweightis bad for your health.
A.too muchB. too fatC. too smallD. too noisy
根据合成词法可知答案为B。
(2)根据标点符号猜测词义，具体方法是：在“——”, “,”, “:”后面的内容通常都是对前面语言的解释、描写和补充说明。
例题：The Greek marriage wasmonogamous——men and women were allowed>根据破折号“——”后面的解释可以猜测出划线词的词义是“一夫一妻制”。
方法三：同义词、近义词法
看到“be considered as, refer to, and, or, also”等常连接同义词组的标志词时，可以根据这些标志词前后句的同义词关系猜测出词义。
例题：Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes isdetrimentalto your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
根据第二句中的“also”可知，前后两句是同义关系，所以harmful与detrimental也是同义关系，可知中文意思是“有害的”。
方法四：因果关系法
看到“ because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so … that, such … that等表示前因后果关系的关联词时，根据因果关系判断出词义。
例:All his attempts (尝试)to unlock the door werefutile, because she was using the wrong key.
根据“because”后面句子的意思与前面的句子是因果关系，可以猜测出词义是“徒劳的、无效的”。
方法五：对比转折关系法
看到“but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though …”表示转折关系的关联词时，根据转折关系猜出词义。
例题：Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun wastropical.
根据“although”引导的让步状语从句与主句之间的转折关系，可以判断出tropical与cool应该互为反义词，所以词义是“热的”。
方法六：生活常识法
例题：John got>根据“I sat behind him>方法七：举例法
看到“such as, like, for example”等举例的标志词时，可以根据后面的例句猜测词义。
例题：Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money>根据“forexample”后面的句子可以判断出词义是“家用电器”。
方法七：举例法
看到“such as, like, for example”等举例的标志词时，可以根据后面的例句猜测词义。
例题：Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money>根据“forexample”后面的句子可以判断出词义是“家用电器”。
方法八：定义或释义法
看到“that is to say, in other words, mean, be considered, refer to, be known as, define, namely, be called,定语从句”等标志词时，根据定义法猜测词义。
例题：Endangered means that without human help an animal or plant will becomeextinctwhich means that the animal or plant will never again stay alive>A. dead B. dangerous C. bright D. natural
“which means that……”就是解释和定义，所以可知正确答案是A。
四.主旨(段落)大意题及标题归纳题
题型特点解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
常见设题方式：
The general idea of the passage is about_________.
The main purpose of the passage is_________.
What does the passage mainly talk about?
What’s the passage/Paragraph3 mainly about?
What can be the best title for the passage?
What is the best title of the passage?
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
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