高中英语语法句子成分中的主语与短语
高中英语语法句子成分中的主语与短语
:主语是句子陈述或说明的对象,说明是谁或什么.表示句子说的是"什么人" 或“什么事” .主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体. 如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!
高中英语语法句子成分中的主语
句子一般可以分成几个部分，每一个部分在句中具有一定功能，称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。
1.主语(Subject)
主语是句子的主体，是一个句子中需要加以说明或者描述的对象。主语一般是由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词或名词性从句充当。例如：
The plane has just taken off at the airport.
飞机刚从机场起飞。(名词词组作主语)
They are students from the United States.
他们是来自美国的学生。(代词作主语)
Twelve divided by three is four.
十二除以三等于四。(数词作主语)
To have the English news recorded takes up much of my spare time.
录英语新闻占了我很多业余时间。(不定式词组作主语)
What they said seems reasonable.
他们说的似乎有道理。(从句作主语)
英语作业
一、选择填空
5.He threw the ___ shirt into the washing machine.
A.dirty old brown B.old dirty brown
C.brown old dirty D.old brown dirty
6.I tried to find a suitable present - ___ for my mother.
主语表示法及it作主语的句子
<例句>
Dancing bored him.
跳舞使他厌烦。
<语法分析>
动名词直接做主语。有时，动名词前可有一个代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑上的主语，有时还可名词化，前面带有冠词。句子的主语除了可用动名词表示之外，还可以用其他成分来表示，如数词、代词、名词、不定式、词组、从句或名词化的其他词类等。it可用作人称代词和非人称代词，也可用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。
<触类旁通>
(1)Are there other universes outside our own?
我们的宇宙之外还有别的宇宙吗?
语法分析：名词作主语。
(2)Nobody knows the answer.
没有人知道答案是什么。
语法分析：代词作主语。
(3)Two-thirds of them are college students.
他们中间三分之二是大学生。
语法分析：数词作主语。
(4)What she saw gave her a little fright.
她看到的情况使她吃了一惊。
语法分析：从句作主语。
(5)It's no use asking me.
问我没有用。
语法分析：先行词it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子后面，从而使句子平稳。
(6)Who was it that called the meeting?
召集会议的是谁?
语法分析：用it对句子的主语加以强调，还可以强调其他成分。
<巩固练习>
(1)_____ [go] to the movies is a popular pastime.
(2)Their _____[come] to help was a great encouragement to us.
(3)It is any good _____[try]?
(4)It is an offence _____[drop] litter in the street.
(5)Not ______[be] punctual makes him unreliable.
(6)_____ was you who had been wrong.
(7)It costs 100 dollars _____[repair] the car.
<参考答案>
(1)Going (2)coming (3)trying (4)to drop (5)being (6)It (7)to repair
A.nice something B.something nice
C.something nice D.nice some thing
参考答案：
5-6: AB
二、分析句子的语法结构，并译成中文。
France is expected to demand the removal of the post of British European commissioner as a price for a long Brexit delay, leaving Britain without a seat at the top table of Brussels decision-making for the first time since 1973.【The Guardian】
高中常考的英语短语
151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反
153. on the contrary 相反
154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)
155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下
156. contribute to 有助于
157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制
158. at one's convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便
159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.) 使某人确信，try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…
160. cope with(=deal with， try to find a solution to)应付， 处理
161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境
162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信
163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合，一致
164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价
165. a matter of course 理所当然的事
166. as a matter of course 当然地， 自然地
167. in (during) the course 在…过程中
168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久， 到一定时候
169. on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one's credit使某人感到光荣;do sb. credit 使…感到光荣
170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的
171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病
172.a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger脱离危险
173. to date(=so far， until now) 到目前为止
174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的，时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)
175. deal with (=concern) 论及
176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债
177. on the decline 在衰退中， 在减少中 in decline 下降;on the increase 在增加
178. to one's delight 令某人感到高兴 to one's regret 遗憾;sorrow悲痛;relief 安心;distress 苦恼;shame羞愧;surprise 惊奇;astonishment 惊奇;
179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢， 取乐
180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…， 以…为乐
181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西。demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西
182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时
183. be dependent on 依靠
184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得，由…来的。derive from(=come from)起源于
186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望
187. in despair 绝望
188. despite (=in spite of) 不管， 尽管
189. in detail 详细地
190. deviate from 偏离， 不按…办
191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食， 节食
192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…
193. in difficulties…有困难，处境困难，
194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇， 开除
195. fall back (=retreat， turn back) 撤退;in disorder 慌乱地， 狼狈不堪
196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列
197. dispose of (=get rid of ，throw away)处理掉
198. beyond dispute不容争议的，无可争议
199. in dispute 在争议中
200. in the distance 在远处。make out 辩认出