高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点
知识和能力是一点一点积累起来的，要注意有扎实的基础，要注意复习和巩固，不能急于求成。下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语语法独立主格结构知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
(such an able man和to help you之间存在着主谓关系)
=Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
He seating himself atthe desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”)
=When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
(lost的逻辑主语是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost)
=Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
(一)不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
动词不定式用主动的形式：
在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
—will you go to the concert tonight?
—sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I really can't afford any time.
—你今晚去听音乐会吗?
—对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。
(=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.)
The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
(二)-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Being ill, he went home.
由于生病,他回家了。
(=As he was very ill, he went home.)
Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。
(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.)
1、表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready,the teacher began his class.
每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。
(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)
The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。
(相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated)
2、表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。
(相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him)
【必背】含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.
今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
(= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。
(= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)
3、表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
(相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。
(相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows)
4、表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
(相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky)
(三)-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.
该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。
(= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.)
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
(= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)
The task completed,he had two months' leave.
任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。
(=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.)
【比较】动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle)
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
(两个动作同时进行)
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
饭做好了，小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的)
高中英语语法独立主格结构知识
二、 动词独立主格结构
“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
(一)逻辑主语+名词
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)
【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being +名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。
(二)逻辑主语+形容词
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)
= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.
He stood there, his mouth wide open.
他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。
(his mouth和wide open之间省去了being)
= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.
(三)逻辑主语+副词
School over, we all went home.
放学了，我们都回家了。
(school和over之间省去了being)
= School was over, and we all went home.
He sat at his desk, his shoes off.
他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。
(his shoes和off之间省去了being)
= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.
(四)逻辑主语+介词短语
He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.
他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。
= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.
The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.
新老师面带微笑走了进来。
= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.
The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.
老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。
= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.
【提示】在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.
音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。
(=The music teacher stood at the door, a violinin his hand.)
英语语法独立主格结构知识点
三、with/without 引导的独立主格结构
介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
(一)with+名词代词+形容词
He doesn't like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
【注意】在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn't want to study.
父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
(二)with+名词代词+副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
=The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
(三)with+名词代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.
或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
(四)with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
With the signal given, the train started.
信号发出了，火车开始起动了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.
I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
(五)with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
(六)with+名词代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。
=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
【提示】在with/without的复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但without不能省略。
高中英语学习方法
1、要学好英语，更重要的是从语言本身出发，深入钻研其中的奥秘，从字、词、句、章各方面逐个加强练习，严守“四勤”、“四多”的原则，轻轻松松取得好成绩。
2、高中教材中英语词汇的记忆应达到熟练，词汇是构成英语的最基本的要素。如果不记忆词汇犹如一栋大楼而没有砖块一样。
3、教材的把握程度。高中英语教材有一些很经典的课文，最好把课文背下来灵活运用，这种方法虽然比较笨，但的确很有效。
4、句型的总结。善于总结一些典型的句型，归纳在一起，争取做到举一反三，触类旁通的程度。注意一些重要的动词的用法。
5、平时学习时，应多听一些磁带，多记一些东西。
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