外研版必修二英语语法

外研版必修二英语语法

　　语法是英语考试中的重中之重，所占分值也多。提高英语能力的方法是多读多练多积累。小编在这里整理了外研版必修二英语语法供大家阅读，希望能帮助到您。

　　第一单元

　　1.不定式作定语的用法归纳

　　1). 被修饰名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the last, the very, the next修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰名词和不定式具有逻辑主谓关系。

　　Eg. John Smith is the only person to know the secret.

　　2).表示抽象概念的名词，后面用动词不定式做定语，用于解释中心词的内容，如ability, way, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。

　　Eg. she gave up the chance to go abroad.

　　3).如不定式动词是不及物动词作定语时，其后须加一个适当的介词。例如：

　　Have you got a chair to sit on? 你有椅子坐了吗?

　　2.⑴pay~ 的短语 ①注意pay attention to

　　②拜访pay a visit to

　　③付清，还清(债务);得到回报pay off

　　⑵ buy sth for some money 用多少钱买某物

　　sb. spend money on sth. / in doing sth. 把钱花在…上

　　sth. cost (sb.) money (某物)花了(某人)多少钱

　　3.sure

　　1).make sure that do(时态)

　　When you leave the office, make sure that all the lights are turned off.(灯关上了)

　　2).make sure of / about 确保，弄清楚

　　You’d better make sure of the time and place for the meeting .(弄清楚开会得时间和地点)

　　3) be sure to do肯定会，务必 Be sure to come on time.

　　be sure of / about 有把握，肯定

　　He is to succeed/ win. 他肯定会赢。(说话者的主观意见)

　　He is sure of his success. 他确信自己会成功.(主语的观点)

　　= He is sure that he will succeed.

　　4.一般将来时态

　　⑴will do sth / shall do sth 单纯表示将来要发生的动作，不强调已经打算好。

　　be going to do sth ①表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

　　②表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断将要发生的事情

　　①It is going to rain. ②We are going to have a meeting today. ③ I am going to leave.

　　⑵be to do sth 表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事.

　　①The boy is to go to school tomorrow

　　②The bridge is to be built next year.

　　⑶“be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，或已经打算好马上要去做的动作，意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。

　　I’m about to leave.

　　⑷ go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等表示位置转移的词可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。

　　I’m leaving for Beijing.

　　⑸ 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等表示位置转移的词)的一般现在时也可表示将来。表示按照时刻表上规定的时间将要发生，有具体的时间点。

　　①The meeting starts at five o’clock. ②The plane takes off at 7:05 am.

　　注将来时态中，如果单纯表示将来，或即兴动作，用will;

　　表示早已经打算好了则应该用be going to do / be to do be about to do / be doing 等。

　　第二单元

　　1.addict v./n. addiction adj. addictive /addicted

　　① Adam Rouse used to be a drug addict(瘾君子)

　　②He is now fighting against his cocaine addiction(瘾)

　　③Heroin is highly addictive(使人上瘾的)

　　④Her son is addicted to(沉迷于) computer games.

　　⑤Cocaine is a powerfully addictive(使人上瘾的)drug.

　　⒉likely adj. 可能的;有希望的, 适合的 adv. 或许, 可能

　　It is likely that... 很可能... = It’s probable/ possible that…

　　sb./sth. be likely to do很可能做… = It is possible for sb./sth. to do …

　　Not likely!不可能! 才不呢! (强调否认或拒绝)

　　①They are the likeliest candidates. 他们是最有可能当选的候选人。

　　②He is the likeliest person for the job. 他是最适合做这份工作的人。

　　③她下月很可能不来。She is not likely to come next month.

　　④很可能他不会同意。It is likely that he won’t agree.

　　The smokers are twice as likely as non-smokers to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

　　= The smokers are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease

　　⒊too…to

　　⑴“ too + adj/adv. + to + do sth.” 意思是太…而不能.

　　⑵此外，” too+ adj/adv. + for sb. to do sth.” 意为对某人来说，太….而不能。

　　⑶Too…to 中的too 前面有否定词，如never 时，表示肯定：

　　It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。

　　【补充】："too...to"结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词，不定式就不再表示结果。例如：

　　Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help others. 雷锋同志乐于助人。

　　⒋…..ever

　　⑴whatever用法 “不管…/ 无论(…任何…)” ------用法和what 类似。

　　?.引导状语从句： ①.Whatever happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.

　　= No matter what happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.

　　②.Whatever (great) difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.

　　= No matter what difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.

　　?.引导名词性从句： ①.You should tell me whatever happened.

　　②. Whatever he did is for your good.

　　(引导名词性从句时不能用no matter what)

　　⑵ whichever 用法 “任何一个(件、本…)” (有选择范围)

　　?.引导状语从句： Whichever computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.

　　= No matter which computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.

　　?引导名词性从句：Whichever book he bought from the shop would be paid for.

　　(引导名词性从句时不能用no matter which)

　　⑶whoever 用法 “任何…的人”

　　?.引导状语从句： ①.Whoever sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.

　　= No matter who sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.

　　②.Whoever studies hard, he can make progress later.

　　= No matter who studies hard, he can make progress later.

　　?引导名词性从句：①.Whoever studies hard can make progress later..

　　②.Give the book to whoever is interested in it.

　　(引导名词性从句时不能用no matter who)

　　第三单元

　　1. 强调句型

　　① It is/was + 主语/宾语/状语 + that (who) + 句子其余部分

　　② 对“… not …until…”强调，用It is/was not until … that …

　　③对特殊疑问句的强调, 用 特殊疑问词+ is it that + 句子其余部分

　　Where did he see Li Ming yesterday? →

　　Where was it that he saw Li Ming yesterday?

　　2. make a record 录制唱片

　　keep / hold a record 保持记录

　　set a record 创记录

　　break a record 打破记录

　　3. 当way 作先行词时，用that / in which / 不用 (引导定语从句)

　　4.find/ make/ feel/ think/ believe/ consider + it + adj./n. + to do 结构

　　⑴我们相信通过学习有可能改变人生。

　　We believe it possible to change our life by learning.

　　⑵医生认为你度个假期比较好。

　　The doctor considered it better for you to have a holiday take a vocation.

　　5.主语+ be + adj. + to do 结构

　　1). What he said is difficult to understand.

　　2). The book is easy to read.

　　3). Chair is comfortable to sit on.

　　6.do you think 作插入语的用法

　　你认为他们何时会得出结论?

　　When do you think they will come to a conclusion ?

　　你认为我会怎么处理这件事?

　　How do you think I can deal with this matter?

　　其他插入语：do you believe/ suppose/ imagine/ guess/ expect/ suggest

　　注意：do you suggest 所在的句子要用虚拟语气，即should+ do, should 可以省略

　　第四单元

　　1. situation;point;case;experience;story;family 这类词充当先行词时常用where或相应介词+which。

　　⒉happen vi. 发生 (不能用于被动语态。)

　　⒊关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1)不用that, 只能用which的情况:

　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

　　The tree, (which is four hundred years old,) is very famous here.

　　b) 介词后不能用

　　Gun control is a subject, (about which Americans talked a lot.)

　　2) 不用which, 只能用that的情况:

　　a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 Finally, the thief handed everything (that he had stolen) to the police.

　　b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

　　He is the very man (that helped the girl out of the water) .

　　c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

　　The first English book (that I read) was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .

　　d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　He talked about the teachers and schools( that he visited).

　　e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

　　⒋译作“认为”时，有下列句型

　　consider sb./sth.(to be/as).认为某人是

　　sb./sth. is considered (to be/as).某人被认为是

　　sb is considered+to have done sth. 某人被认为做了某事

　　consider it+adj.+to do sth. 认为做某事是···

　　5.can’t stand + sth/ sb

　　can’t stand + (sb/sb’s) doing

　　can’t stand + 不能忍受being done

　　⒍adopt vt.

　　1) They adopted my suggestion. 采纳

　　2) The poor child was adopted by the couple. 收养

　　3) He’s not my real father; I’m adopted. 收养

　　⒎ tell A and B apart把A和B区分开

　　tell A from B_________________

　　tell the difference between A and B说出A和B 的不同

　　to tell (you) the truth 说实话

　　tell a story/joke/lie 讲故事、讲笑话、撒谎

　　⒏⑴可接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford ,agree, aim, attempt, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want ,wish, turn

　　完成句子

　　① 他买不起这么贵的小汽车。

　　He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.

　　②当老师进来的时候，他假装正在读书。

　　When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading.

　　③他主动提出开车去接我们。

　　He offered to pick us up.

　　⑵“疑问词+不定式”也可作宾语，这样的动词有 teach, show, discuss, decide等。

　　完成句子

　　①到目前为止他们还没决定什么时候走.

　　So far they haven’t decided when to leave.

　　② .他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。

　　They are discussing how to deal with this problem.

　　She practises playing the piano every day.

　　⒐ v-ing 作宾语

　　⑴ 下列动词通常直接v-ing作宾语

　　finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practice, suggest, risk, appreciate, admit等 ，

　　①你介意打开门吗?

　　Do you mind opening the door?

　　②她每天练习弹钢琴。

　　She practises playing the piano every day.

　　⑵一些动词词组由“动词+介词”组成的他们的后面也接v-ing 作宾语。常见的有：look forward to, get used to , put off, believe in, dream of , think of , give up, insist on, feel like, 等等。

　　我盼望收到你的来信。

　　I’m looking forward to receiving your letter.

　　10.有些动词接不定式和v-ing 作宾语意义不同，

　　forget/remember to do忘了、记着要去做某事 forget /remember doing 忘了、记得做过某事

　　regret to do 遗憾要做某事

　　regret doing 后悔做了某事

　　stop to do 停下来做另一件事

　　stop doing 停止做某事

　　try to do 努力试图去做某事

　　try doing 试着做某事(看看结果，效果)

　　mean to do 打算要做

　　mean doing 意味着

　　can’t help to do 不能帮着做某事

　　can’t help doing 禁不住做某事

　　①我本来打算去，但有事没去。

　　I had meant to go there, but something unexpected happened.

　　第五单元

　　⒈congratulate祝贺其宾语是人;

　　celebrate 祝贺，其宾语是物( 节日、生日 、胜利、成功)

　　⒉aboard

　　①. aboard adv.& prep 在(船、飞机、火车上)

　　--The plane crashed , killing 200 people aboard.

　　--All aboard!

　　--Welcome aboard!

　　②区别：abroad/ board

　　A. abroad adv. 在国外

　　--She often goes abroad on business. 她经常因公出国。

　　-- I’ve never lived abroad before.

　　--He was famous, both at home and abroad.

　　B. board n. 木板，董事会

　　v. 上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) on board = aboard

　　--I wrote the examples up on the board.

　　--There is still only one woman on the board of directors. 在董事会

　　3. Welcome to space

　　( 1 ) vt 欢迎，迎接

　　①President Hu Jintao will welcome 10 heads of states to Hainan Province for the 7th Boao For Asia next week .

　　胡锦涛同志下周将赴海南迎接前来参加亚洲第七届博鳌论坛的10国领导人。

　　( 2 ) adj . 受欢迎的

　　①You are welcome to stay with us as long as you like .

　　② ---Thank you for the coffee .

　　---- You are welcome .

　　总结：Sb be welcome to do sth 欢迎某人干某事

　　be welcome to sth./ to do sth. “可随意取用某物或做某事”。

　　You are welcome . 不用谢，别客气。

　　⒋连词有：because，as，since，now that， seeing that, considering that,

　　because通常表示直接的、主要的原因，从句通常置于句尾，也可置于句首，语气比较强回答why提出的问题;

　　as和since表示明显的、已知的原因，从句通常放在句首;for表示补充说明或推测的原因，从句必须后置，且必须用逗号和主句分开。

　　(1)because由因导果，because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。

　　You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.

　　(2)for语气较because要弱得多，只能置于主句之后，对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断

　　如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)

　　(3)since，as“既然，由于”，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。

　　Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”

　　(4)下列情况下只能使用because:

　　①在回答why的问句时; ②在用于强调句型时; ③被not所否定时。

　　(5) 一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：

　　because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, as a result of等。

　　--- He couldn't walk because his leg was broken// because of his broken leg

　　---They stayed in because the weather was bad//because of the bad weather

　　第六单元

　　1.interest: N.意思： (1)兴趣 (2) 股份

　　短语：对……感兴趣be interested in have /take interest in

　　对……失去兴趣lose interest in

　　共同利益common interests

　　2.it is generally agreed that… 人们一致同意…

　　与此类似的结构有：It is/ was said / believed / reported/ estimated /suggested that… 据……= sb./ sth. is said/ believed… to do (to have done)

　　⑴人们普遍认为它是我国最著名的作家之一。

　　It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.

　　4). 有人建议会议应该推迟。

　　It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.

　　⒊It has occasionally been done. 偶尔做这件事

　　occasional adj. 偶然的;特殊场合的

　　occasion n. 场合;时机

　　on occasion 有时，间或 = occasionally

　　on one occasion 曾经;有一个时候

　　“有时”译法：

　　sometimes/ at times/ from time to time/ (every) now and then/ once in a while

　　⒋marry

　　marry sb. to sb. 使……娶/把……嫁给

　　get married to与某人结婚(表动作)

　　be married to与某人结婚(表状态) n. marriage

　　1)She married her daughter to an engineer.

　　她把女儿嫁给了一个工程师。

　　2) They have been married for 13 years.

　　=They got married 13 years ago.

　　=It is 13 years since they got married.

　　⒌1) which TV programme to watch 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作about 的宾语。

　　① Please explain to us where to begin and how to do it.

　　2) “疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。

　　② 什么时候离开这儿由你决定。

　　When to leave here is up to you.

　　③ 问题是怎样实施你的计划。

　　The question is how to carry out your plan.

　　【点津】whether 一词也可以与不定式连用。

　　④ I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.

　　本次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!