高考必背的英语语法知识资料
高考必背的英语语法知识资料总结
每一种语言都有一定的法则，英语语法就是英语的基本法则，高考要注意哪些英语语法呢?下面是小编为大家整理的关于高考必背的英语语法知识资料，欢迎大家来阅读。
高考英语常考的四个语法知识点
1. 语态和时态
—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving
【正确答案】D
【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时：表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束，句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?
【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的，我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕，我不知道为什么。”
【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的，然后一直在挥，一直挥到了说话的这个时候，所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时，强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看一下其他几个时态：
A选项是were waving——过去进行时，它指的是：①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;B. waved——过去时，过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，所以我们知道A和B这两个时态都是和过去有关，而和现在是没有一点关系的，所以A和B这两个答案错了。
C. had waved——过去完成时：过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态，那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去，例如：e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底为止，我们已经建造了5所学校。首先，过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我们用过去完成时——had build.和现在是更加没有联系了，所以这个答案也是不正确的。
题干中的时间状语是“for the last half hour”，注意这个last不是指“最后的”，而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”，那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话，我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时，因为它指的是“刚才”，那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是D.
2. 名词性从句
The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone
【正确答案】C
【高考考点】考查名词性从句，顾名思义就是名词，它可充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语，所以相应的名词性从句也分为有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句。
【题干句意】“这个消息可能会对任何将接管这个工作的人有所帮助。”whoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么样的人”所以这个答案是正确的。我们再来看其他几个答案为什么不对呢?
【详细解析】A选项是those，如果those填在这里的话就会变成缺少关系代词who，如选those，那those will take over the job“那些人将会取代这个工作”，它就变成了一个独立的句子，而不是一个从句，更加就不是一个宾语从句了，所以从原则上说它是错误的，那么怎样改才是正确的呢?很简单，只要在这个those的后面加一个关系代词who，把它变成一个定语从句——those who will take over the job，“那些将要接管这个工作的人”，那么这样就可以了。
B选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问，e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D选项是anyone，错误的原因也是缺少关系代词who.
比较those who和anyone who，前者是“那些……的人”，后者表示“任何……的人”。区别就是在于those who是一个复数的概念，“那些人”，后面的谓语动词要用复数;而anyone who是表示任何一个人，后面要用单数的谓语动词。
3. 虚拟语气和情态动词
—David, we went to Lake Geneva for the weekend.
—That _______ a very nice change. I wish I had gone there.
A. must be B. must have been C. could be D. could have been
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查情态动词。
首先A和B里面都有must，must表推测，它表示“肯定…”，这个语气是非常确定的，百分之百的;那么当must表推测的时候呢，它还可以表示不同的时间，例如：
第一，must be表示的是“现在的状态”，He must be a teacher. 他肯定是一个老师。
第二，must be doing表示“现在进行的动作”，They must be having a meeting in the office.他们现在肯定正在办公室里开会。
第三，must have done表示“过去发生的事情”，You must have met him yesterday.你昨天肯定见过他了。让我们看一下将“must have been”填到题干里面是否正确?句意：“David,我们周末去了日内瓦湖。”“哦，那肯定是一个非常好的改变，我希望我也去那里了。”这里是表示一个肯定的推测;又因为是上个周末的事情，说明这件事情已经发生了，我们所以用B. must have been,而不是A。
【详细解析】C选项是could轻微的怀疑或委婉的陈述看法，“可能”e.g. His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.他所说的这个故事可能是真的，但是我基本上不相信。
D选项是could have done虚拟语气，某事过去有可能发生而实际没有，“本来可以”，表示惋惜、遗憾 e.g. The accident could have been prevented.这个车祸原本是可以避免的。e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的，但是你并没有尽自己最大的努力。
4. 代词
Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech.
A. other B. another C. the other D. an other
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查代词
【详细解析】other用作代词时，意为“另一个”、“别人”，不单独使用：the other, others, the others.
1. the other ① 两者中的另一个，与one连用(就两者)，one hand / the other hand ② 用作定语 + [pl.]，另一方中的“全部其余的” I like this book, and I like the other books too. 我喜欢这本书，我也喜欢其他所有的书。
2. others是other的[pl.]，泛指“别的人或物”(但不含全部) 。e.g. Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees. 一些人在提水，另外一些人在浇树。(others指的“其他人”不是剩下的全部，而是“一部分”)
3. the others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”。e.g. I have ten pencils. Two of them are red, and the others are blue.我有10支铅笔，其中的两支是红色的，其余的(8只)是蓝色的。
4. another用作代词时，常与one组合构成one … another，“另一个人”、“另一回事”，指同一组内的两个个体。e.g. One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting.一个人可能是喜欢钓鱼，而另一个可能喜欢打猎。(世界上不可能有2个人，所以它指的是没有一个特指的，“其他一个人”)
【题干句意】知识是开始增加的，当一个个人把他的想法通过语言表达给另一个人的时候。这里指的是另一个人，并没有一个特指的范围说是谁，是哪里的另外一个人，所以用one …another。D选项没有这种用法。
高考英语语法常考点归纳
高考英语常见连接词必备语法
(1)表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…,neither…nor…,or,aswellas,and,both…and….
(2)表因果关系的'连接词：therefore,so,asaresult,astheresultof,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto等。
(3)表时间顺序的连接词：
the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.
(4)表转折关系的连接词：yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the otherhand,however,at the same time等。
(5)表解释说明的连接词：that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example,for instance,and soon,etc,
and the like,and what not等。
(6)表总结的连接词：in aword,onthe whole,in short,to sumup,in all等
高考英语主语必备语法
主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中，主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
高考英语谓语必备语法
谓语(动词)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2.复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗)，而且，我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例，do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在简单句中，谓语动词和主语是句子的核心，是不可以随意删掉的。
高考英语宾语必备语法
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
高考英语表语必备语法
表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
高考英语语法知识点有哪些
1、名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数
(2)不可数名词
(3)专有名词
(4)名词所有格
2、代词
(1)人称代词：主格和宾格形式
(2)物主代词：形容词与名词性形式
(3)反身代词：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
(4)指示代词 this, that, these, those
(5)不定代词 some, any, no, etc.
(6)疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.
3、数词
(1)基数词
(2)序数词
4、介词和介词短语词：汇表中所列介词的基本用法
5、连词：词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
6、形容词 (比较级和最高级)
(1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
(2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
①构成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as+原级形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .
比较级形式+than. . .
the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .
7、副词 (比较级和最高级)
(1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑问副词when, where, how
(3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)
①构成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as+原级形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .
比较级形式+than. . .
the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .
8、冠词：一般用法
9、动词
(1)行为动词或实义动词 ：①及物动词 ②不及物动词
(2)连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
(3)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
(4)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.
10、时态
(1)一般现在时
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
(2)一般过去时
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
(3)一般将来时
①shall ( will)+动词原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
②be going to+动词原形
I'm going to help him.
(4)现在进行时
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
(5)现在完成时
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
(6)过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
(7)过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
(8)过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
11、被动语态 (一般现在时，一般过去时，含有情态动词，一般将来时)
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker.
(3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once.
(4)一般将来时的被动语态
The homework will be done in two hours .
12、非谓语动词
(1)动词不定式 (全部掌握)
①作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
②作宾语 They began to read.
③作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
④作定语
I have an important meeting to attend.
⑤作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
(2)动词的-ing形式
(3)动词的-ed形式
13、构词法
(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room
(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy
(3)转化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
(4)缩写和简写
14、句子种类
(1)陈述句 (肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感叹句
15、句子成分
(1)主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)谓语(主谓一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
(3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
(4)宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
(5)直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
(6)宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
(7)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(8)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16、简单句的基本句型
第一种：主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)
The bike is new/in the room .
第二种：主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)
He swims.
第三种：主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
第四种：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
第六种：there be句型
17、主谓一致
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited
A.were
B.have been
C.has been
D.was
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据问句的时态可知此处时态用一般过去时。And连接的单数可数名词作主语，其前用every，each，no，many a等来修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题选D。A项主谓一致错误;B项时态、主谓一致错误;C项时态错误。
18、并列复合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
19、主从复合句
(1)宾语从句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I take back what I said.
I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
(2)状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
(3)定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.
(4)主语从句
(5)同位语从句
(6)表语从句
20、直接引语与间接引语
“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .
21、省略
一、祈使句自然可省去主语，如：
Leave him in peace! 不要去打扰他!
Come at one o'clock sharp. 准一点钟来。
Listen to me, children! 听我讲，孩子们!
Look both ways before you cross the road. 过马路之前要向两边看看。
二、除祈使句外，还有其他省去主语的情况，如：
Don't know. 我不知道。(省去主语I)
Beg your pardon. 请原谅。(省去主语I)
Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是吗?(省去主语you)
Doesn't look too well. 他脸色不大好。(省去主语he或she)
Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主语it)
三、Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。
Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大厅里似乎有一大群人。