高一英语必考知识点(2)

1

指一类人或事，相当于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相当于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相当于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事

— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

A. 不填 B. a  C.  theD. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）

6

用于固定词组中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk,  many a time

7

用于quite,  rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as,  too, how)+形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名词具体化的名词前

success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化)  成功的人或事

a failure 失败的人或事 a shame带来耻辱的人或事

a pity可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识

1

表示某一类人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular  means of transportation.

A. a; theB.  /; aC.  the; aD.  the; the

2

用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于演奏乐器

play the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容词和分词前表示一类人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）

—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
 —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
 A. the; theB. the; aC.  /; theD.  the; /

7

用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9

用于表示发明物的单数名词前

The compass was invented in China.

10

在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代

in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)

11

用于表示度量单位的名词前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名词，身体部位名词

He patted me on the shoulder.

1

专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2

名词前有this,  my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?

3

季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前

March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

与by连用表示交通方式的名词前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of  driving across ______ continent.

A. the; theB.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填

7

以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8

表示泛指的复数名词前

Horses are useful animals.

规 则

例 词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species

3

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses,  contents

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee,  government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7

表示“某国人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy  friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

women singers, men servants