人教版高三上册英语Unit4练习试卷(2)
三、阅读理解
A段
【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2015•江苏)
In the United States alone，over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.Cellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cellphone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?
From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.
文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。
1.By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.
A.the weight of egoods is rather small
B.ewaste deserves to be made good use of
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in ewaste
答案：B 推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属;下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。
2.The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended________.
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
答案：B 细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in ewaste.
B.The creation of ewaste.
C.The seriousness of ewaste.
D.The management of ewaste.
答案：D 主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为D。
B段
【2016高考训练题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
One hometown owner in Detroit is intending to exchange his villa for the latest iPhone 6.
The owner has dropped the asking price from $ 5,000 to a new iPhone 6 as the owner is desperate to sell before the tax auction (拍卖) season where “thousands” of homes near foreclosure (房屋止赎权) will flood into the market, a real estate broker (房地产经纪人) called Larry Else told ABC News.
“This house is really not worth much at all,” Else said. The windows are broken and there is no front door. The broker himself has not been inside the home because his company has a policy of not going in unsecured houses alone. Detroit’s declining fortunes have left its population about a third of what it used to be in its peak, according to the U.S. Census Bureau(人口普查办公室).
Now, the property has accrued (拖欠) more than $6,000 in back taxes (退税款) and will enter foreclosure next year if that debt is not settled. So while the owner is asking for an iPhone 6, the true cost of the sale comes from the buyer including the cost of the back taxes.
That attracted great interest in the property, as Else said that he received four offers today alone. One woman said she was interested in the house for the wood. Another said that they would be willing to hand over an iPhone 5, and another offered $ 850. But Else hinted that the most likely buyer is someone who already lives on the block and put in a $ 700 bid(出价), and their familiarity with the area appeared to put them at the head of the pack. He said he expects one of the four offers to work out, and may even confirm the sale tonight.
This is not the end of his bartering (物物交换) business, however, as Else said that he’s already gotten another call from a homeowner who has had trouble selling their property.
1、Why did the owner drop his price for the house?
A. Because the house was too old.
B. Because there is a boom in economy.
C. Because he wanted to sell the house quickly.
D. Because the population in Detroit is small.
2、Larry Else hasn’t come into the house because _______.
A. it is dangerous to enter it
B. the owner doesn’t permit it
C. he is not familiar with the area
D. it will break the company’s rule
3、The house will most possibly be sold at the price of _______.
A. $ 5,000 B. $ 850 C. $ 700 D. an iPhone 6
4、The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a story book B. a news report
C. an economy report D. a tourist brochure
参考答案1—4、CDCB
四、七选五
(2015•山东济南市5月针对性训练)
For some people，the warmest memories from childhood come from being read a great story.__1__ It develops children's language skills and increases their ability to succeed in school and，later，work.
A new report by the American Academy of Pediatrics says reading aloud is so important that parents should start as soon as their children are born and continue to read aloud even after their children can read by themselves.They say parents should also point to and talk about pictures in books for infants(婴幼儿).__2__
The company Scholastic is a major U.S.publisher of children's books.Every two years，Scholastic publishes a report on American reading attitudes and habits.The 2015 report says only 31 percent of children in the U.S.read a book for fun almost every day.
__3__ One is simply to have books in the home.Elizabeth Lyttleton，the mother of three，is lucky.Her mother once wrote and illustrated children's books，so the family always have plenty to read.She says all her children learn from books but in different ways.__4__ Researchers from the Scholastic company found that 80%of children surveyed of all ages say they love being read to.And children ages 6 to 11 whose parents do not read to them anymore say they miss it.
__5__ Of all the six to 17yearolds in the Scholastic study，more than 90%said their favorite books are the ones they chose for themselves.
A.The Scholastic report also suggests permitting children to choose their own books.
B.Scholastic also identifies some ways to develop a love of reading in a child.
C.A book does not have to be serious to be good for kids.
D.For young children，parents should ask questions about the book.
E.Do children still read for fun?
F.Another way to develop a reading habit in children is to read to them.
G.But reading to children does more than create warm memories.
文章大意：作者主要介绍父母们给孩子读书的好处，帮助孩子养成良好的读书习惯，喜欢读书，让孩子受益一生。
1.G 根据空前后与G中的关键词warm memories，reading，being read，children，childhood等可知答案。 But是关键提示词，首句意思是：对于很多人来说，童年最温暖的回忆(the warmest memory)就是有人给读故事(being read a great story)。选项G的“warm memories”对应空格前的“the warmest memory”;“reading to children”对应空格前的“being read a great story”和空格后的“it”。并且，选项G中的“more than”对应空格后的“It develops children's language skills(开发孩子的语言能力)and increases their ability to succeed in school, and later, work(并且增强孩子的学习能力和日后的职场能力)”。说明给孩子读故事的好处，不只是空格前的一句，还有空格后的两大好处，故选G。
2.D 根据空前后与D中的关键词：parents，questions，children，book，questions等。根据第二段的“start as soon as their children are born”和“infants(婴儿)”等词可以看出。本段讲的是要尽早开始培养阅读兴趣。D选项提到了“young children(幼儿)”一词，可以与本段的上文形成照应。而且，选项D的“ask questions”与上文的“point to”和“talk about”都是给幼儿读书时可以用到的方法，是并列关系。可知答案选D。
3.B 根据空前后与B中的关键词ways，love for reading等判断。 空格后的“One”是重点提示词。根据对本段结构的分析，后文有方法之一“One”，所以就会有方法之二。而3题位于本段开头，所以极有可能是总起本段。选项B中的“some ways”就能起到总起全段的作用。而且选项B的“develop a love of reading in a child”(开发孩子对阅读的热爱之情)在意思上也能统帅后文，都是讲的培养孩子阅读热情的方法。故答案选B。
4.F 根据空前后与F中的关键词another，one，read to them，being read等。3空格后的“One”是重要提示词。3空格后“One”一句是说方法之一是“to have books in the home”(家里有书)。那么下文就应该会有方法之二。在结构上形成对应上的只有F选项，因为F选项有“Another”一词。而且，F选项的“to develop a reading habit in children”在意思上顺承前一句，且能领起下一句，照应下句的“they love being read to”。可知答案选F。
5.A 根据空前后与A中的关键词：choose，own，themselves等。空格后的一句说“their favorite books are the ones they chose for themselves”(孩子们最喜欢的书是他们自己选择的那些书)，说的是自主选择对于培养阅读兴趣的重要性。选项A中的“choose their own books”正好对应空格后的“chose”。空格后的一句是对于选项A的进一步阐释。而且，选项A中的“The Scholastic report”对应上文的“Scholastic”。由此可知答案选A。
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