初三上英语知识点(2)
初三上英语知识点
初三上英语知识点3-4单元
Unit 3
一.知识点
1.被动语态的谓语动词形式: be的各种时态形式+v-ed
含情态动词的: can/may/must/should be + v-ed
2.get/have + n./pron. + v-ed 叫/让/请别人做某事(即使谋事被做)
例: I want to get my coat mended. 我要缝衣服.
3.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
4.drive : ① 驾车,驾驶. ② 驱赶,驱使.
例: What drives them to rob the shop? 什么驱使他们去抢商店?
5.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
6.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
7.倒装句: So + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定局) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
例: He likes oranges. So do we. He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
Tom can swim. So can John. Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是)
They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的)
8.until 用于肯定句中,前面句子中的谓动必须是延续性的.
9.clean (v.) 打扫,清理 clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
10.fail a test = fail in a test 考试不及格
11.be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work.
12.the other day 前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
13.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
14. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
15.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 16.chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性”
opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换.
Have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会.
Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year. 别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.
17. experience : ①可数名词 “经历,体验” 例: Please tell us something about your experiences.②不可数名词 “经验” 例: He is a man of rich experience.
③动词“经历” 例: She experienced lots of suffering.
18. off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
19. reply 与 answer 两者有时可通用. reply比answer正式,一般指经过思考的.有针对性的,详细的回答,往往与to连用.answer是一般用语,可直接带宾语.
另外answer还有“应答”之意.如answer the door/telephone
20. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
21. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
22. do does did 用在另一个动词前表示强调.
例: He does speak well. 他真的讲的很好. Do be quiet. 务必安静.
23. in the end = finally = at last 最后.
24. importance (n.) important (adj.)
25. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣.
例: I’m serious about the problem.
To tell you the truth, I’m not serious about math at all.
26. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
27. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
28. clothes 统指身上穿的各种服装,包括上衣,裤子,内衣等,做主语,谓语动词按复数处理.
clothing 不可数名词,是服装的总称,包括各种衣服,帽子,鞋袜等.做主语谓动按单三处理. cloth 布料.
二.短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学 27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
Unit 4
一、知识点
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。
3、look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
4、bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来
5、talk to/with sb 同××说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。
6、What if …… 如果……将会怎么样?(引导条件状语从句、疑问句)
eg What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办?
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?
7、before 引导一个句子，为连词。后跟短语或名词等，则为介词。
8、food 表示食品种类，一种食物时，为可数名词
eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品
9、复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs)
a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog)
10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.)
11、What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。
What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
13、permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许
14、plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一伙人 ③ 陪伴
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①进行，进展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?
②相处
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗?
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)宁愿，而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
连接两个并列成分，前后对称。
eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词，放在名词之后
eg the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的
the passage below 下面的这段话
20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
21、There is an English speech contest next month
用一般现在时表示将来，表示计划或安排好的动作，或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。
22、the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。类似于think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的?
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××…… offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎么样? 4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许
13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给… 14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一点也不
17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 对…友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 网友
三、句子
1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。
2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么?
4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。
5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人?
8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气)
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)
祈使语气(用于祈使句)
虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真实条件状语)
If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句)
If there was no air, people would die.(非真实条件状语从句)
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg：If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实：我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。(事实：不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。(事实：没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。(事实：学习不用功)
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词 Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实：去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实：没有听我的话)
③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)
从句 例句 主句
① were
If+主语 ② did
③were to do
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小，
should+动词原形。 If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
万一那天下雨，我们的郊游
就推迟。
should/would do might
主句 /could
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实：来的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，(事实：不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实：原来不知道)
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested
He insisted
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He ordered
初三上英语知识点第5单元
Unit 5
一、知识点：
1、情态动词表示推测：
(1)must常用于肯定句中，意为“准是、一定”，它表达的肯定程度最大，可以达到100%。
(2)could、might、may的意思是“可能、也许”，表示推测，它们所表达的肯定程度较低，这三个词相比may的可能性稍大一些;他们的肯定程度在20%至80%。
(3)can’t的意思之“不可能”，它相应的肯定形式是must;它的可能性为0% 。
(4)must、could、might和can’t的后面可用一般现在时、现在进行时，表示对现在的动作、状态或正在进行的动作的推测。
例：He might/could be playing basketball now.他现在可能正在打篮球。
I’m sure that she can’t stay at home.我确信她不在家。
He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花园里散步。
2、 author与writer：
author单纯制作者或作品;writer的意思较多，有“作者、抄写员”等。
3、drop：(1) vt.(及物动词)意思是(有意或无意)让掉下来、投下;放弃、不再干。
例：She dropped the teapot.
He dropped it into the mail-box.
I want to drop math.
(2)vi.(不及物动词)意思是掉下、落下;下降、降低(可与fall互换)，
例：The man dropped from the top of the building.
The temperature has suddenly dropped.
Prices dropped.
(3) n.(可数)滴、点滴， a few drops of rain几滴雨
4、exam：用在正式场合，指入学考试，期中、期末考试，正式等级考试。
test：意思是测验、考查、小考，指非正式的阶段性的测试。
quiz：测验、口试、笔试，只简单的临时性的考试。
5、too much太多 much too实在太
6、garbage、rubbish、junk和waste：
(1)garbage废料、垃圾;(厨房倒弃的)剩饭、剩菜。
(2)rubbish=trash垃圾，普通用语，指各种垃圾，英国人常用rubbish,美国人常用trash.
(3)junk破烂物，指废铁、破布等，现在用来指使人发胖的食物。
(4)waste废物，指工厂排出的废水、废气或家庭垃圾等。
7、any用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中。 some用在陈述肯定句中。
8、have no idea不知道 have some/any idea知道。
9、at可表示“再某场合”如：at the meeting/party
10、hope to do sth;hope that从句。 wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish that从句。
11、because引导原因状语从句 because of跟名词或一个短语。
12、however与but：
(1)从语义上看，but所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
(2)从语法上看，but是并列连词，however是个副词。
(3)从语序上看，but总位于所引导的句首，however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
(4)从标点上看，but之后没有逗号，however之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
13、本课出现的两例含有宾语从句的特殊句子：
(1)What do you think “anxious” means?
(2)Why do you think the man is running?
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