中考英语语法难点大全(3)
中考英语语法难点大全(六)
短语动词
I. 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1) 动词+介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don’t laugh at others.
I didn’t care about it.
(2) 动词+副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词+副词+介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than 0.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 动词+名词+介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 动词+形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 动词+名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)
make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)
take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例题
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keep up意为"继续";give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例3 ____! There’s a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
中考英语语法难点大全(七)
动词不定式
I. 要点
1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。
式|语态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
进行式 to be writing
完成进行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It’s nice to hear from you.
It’s not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作宾语
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作宾补
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作状语
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑问词+不定式"结构。 如：
I don’t know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 结构。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)
(12)主动表被动。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例题
例1 I haven’t got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。
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