高三英语一轮复习知识点
高三英语一轮复习知识点:代 词
一、人称代词的用法
人称代词在运用中应注意下面几个问题:
1.在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。
It was I that first arrived at the airport.
2.句子中没有谓语动词,也就是说谓语动词被省略时,人称代词要用宾格。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
—Me,too.
3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。
It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?
二、物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词不与a,those,some,another,which等词同时修饰一个名词,但在双重所有格中可同时修饰一个名词,如:each sister of his。
三、反身代词的用法
含有反身代词的动词短语:
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself觉得正常
四、指示代词的用法
1.this,that的用法
(1)在打电话时,this指自己,that指别人。
(2)习惯用法:that is to say也就是说。
2.such,so,same的用法
(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时,如果遇到a/an,such必须放在其前;如果遇到no,two,several等词时,such必须置于其后。
Tom is such a nice person.
(2)so作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。
—Have you phoned your parents?
—No,but I’ll do so soon.
(3)same
①same必须与定冠词the连用,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
The same happened once.
②the same后跟as用以引出所谈及的范围,as后可以是名词、代词,也可以是句子。
He is of the same age as you.
五、不定代词的用法
1.none,nobody/no one,nothing的用法区别
(1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表数量概念,常回答how many,how much引导的疑问句;nobody/no one只能指人,且表泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。
—How much money do you have?
—None.
(2)none后面可跟of短语,而nothing和nobody/no one却不能。
None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
2.one与it用于替代时的区别
one用于指代与前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。
Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one.
Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?
六、几个特殊的短语
1.What for?为何目的?为何理由?(=Why?)
2.What if...?要是……会怎样呢?
3.What about/How about...?做……好吗?(用于征求意见,后面常接动名词)。
高三英语一轮复习知识点:主谓一致
一、就近一致原则
1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意义一致原则
1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况
(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
(1)集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、语法一致原则
1.由and连接的两个名词作主语
(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份),谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
Two?thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
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