高考强调句型考点揭秘
高考强调句型考点揭秘
强调句型是高中英语中一个重要的语法项目，是高考重要考点之一。其基本结构为：it is/was +被强调的部分+that+其他成分(当被强调部分为sb.，且在句中作主语时，可用who)。所强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或者状语，但不能是定语或谓语。原句是现在时，强调句用it is ……that……;原句是过去时，强调句用it was ……that……。如果去掉这个结构，经过语序调整或不调整，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型的关键。本文拟结合历年高考试题对强调句型的考点作如下归纳。
一、语序问题
1.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
例1 Was it that I saw last night at the concert?
例2 Why is it that she is not so healthy as she used to be?
2.强调句型在宾语从句中用陈述语序
例3 I don’t know ________________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)
我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。(2012湖北)
解析：观察题干中多了一个联词that,汉语翻译中多了一个“是什么”，可知要用强调结构：疑问词+it+ was/is that的用法;故答案为：what it was
二、主谓一致
强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。
例4 It’s what you do rather than what you say that matters.
例5 It’s your efforts not your intelligence that determine (决定)your success.(2008湖北)
例6 It is the ability to do the job__ matters， not where you came from or what you are.
A. one B. it C. what D. that
解析：通过以上三个例子可以得出一个结论，被强调的主语由“not A but B ; A rather than B; A not B”构成时，that后面谓语的单复数以“肯定”为准，有时还可以将否定的部分置于句末。
三、not until……的强调
用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型，由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式，同时要注意主句的主谓不能使用倒装语序。如果把 “ not until …”置于句首时，主句要倒装。
例7 I didn’t realize she was the famous film star until he took off her dark glasses.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him.
= Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.
四、插入定语从句
1. 在被强调的部分后面插入一个定语从句
例8 It was in Beihai Park__ they made a date for the first time __ the old couple told us their love story.
A. where;that B. that;that C. where;when D. that;when
例9 Was__ Bill，__ played basketball very well，__ helped the blind man across the street.
A. that;that;who B. it;that;that C. it;who;that D. this;who;who
解析：例8 选A where they made a date for the first time 是一个定语从句;例9选 C who played basketball very well 是一个定语从句，
2. 对特殊疑问句作答时省略that及其后面的内容
例10 “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”
“It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which C. that D. when
解析：很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通。此题的答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。
五、强调句型与相关句型的辨析
强调句型极易与下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。做题时首先判断该题是否为强调句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整(被强调部分要还原到原位置)，那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。
1. It be+段时间+ since ... “自从……以来”
该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
例11.It’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. when B. that C. since D. while
解析：容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。此题应选C，属于“It is+一段时间+since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
2. It be+点时间+ when ... "当……的时候，是……"
例12 —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )
A. before B. when C. that D. until
解析：该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。
3 . It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”
例13 --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
--- Perhaps two or three years. (06福建)
A. when B. until C. that D. before
解析：答案为D. before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间.该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常用句型归纳如下：
It was (not)long before+过去时 过了/没过多久就
It will (not) be long before+现在时 要过/过不了多久就会
It was (not)two years before 两年后就/ 不到两年就
It will (not)be two years before 两年后才会 / 用不到两年就会
4.强调状语强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。
例14 It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)
A. that B. until C. before D. when
解析：这是对时间状语about 600 years ago的强调，故选A
例15 It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(辽宁06)
A. that B. when C. since D. as
解析：这是对时间状语从句after he got what he had desired的强调，故选A.
例16 It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)
A. until B. that C. then D. so
解析：本句强调时间状语从句 when I reread his poems recently，故选B。
例17 It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春)
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
解析：本句强调原因状语because of bad weather, 故选D。在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。
例18.It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.
A. where B. in which C. that D.so
解析：本句强调地点状语从句where there had been a theatre.故选C。
例19.It was only with the help of the local people ___ .(上海春04)
A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then mountain climber was rescued
解析：本句强调方式状语only with the help of the local People.故选B
牛刀小试：
1.I feel it is your husband who__ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
2. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.(2012重庆)
A. when B. that C. after D. since
3. It’s not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_______ benefits our work most.(2011陕西)
A. that B. who C. which D. what
4. That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
5. “Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
6.It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013全国卷Ⅱ)
A when B. that C. whichD. what
7. It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued. (2013重庆)
A. who B. that C. when D. how
答案;A B A D D B B