2018考研英语倒装句结构解析
2018考研英语倒装句结构解析
在考研英语中,倒装句可以说是一个重点。本文为大家进行了考研英语句子倒装结构的详细解析,帮助大家解决这部分的语法难点。以下是学习啦小编为你整理的2018考研英语倒装句结构解析,希望能帮到你。
2018考研英语倒装句结构解析
▶倒装形式
在英语的语言实践中,由于语法结构的要求,或是由于修辞的需要,往往要改变句子的自然语序,把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们把这种语序的变化称为"倒装语序"。这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有了解引起倒装的原因,才能更准确地理解句子的含义。
倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装(Full Inversion),又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句),指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
考研英语翻译中倒装结构的突破口在于:识别出倒装结构,并判断出主语和谓语,找到句子主干,理清句中各部分的关系。翻译时既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照英语表达顺序翻译。
▶真题例句1
With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
【解析】
第一个句子主语centralization后面紧跟着第二个句子介绍centralization的内容,为使其保持紧凑,所以将介词短语With economic growth置于句首,第一个句子采用完全倒装结构。正常语序应该是:Centralization has come with economic growth。全句共有3个谓语动词:has come,live和have been abandoned,分号连接了两个独立的句子,所以主句的谓语动词是:has come和live, where引导的定语从句修饰cities。
▶真题例句2
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
【解析】
句子主语regions还带有一个介词短语of isolated volcanic activity和过去分词短语known to geologists as hot spots作后置定语,使得主语部分较长,为保持句子平衡,将分词短语scattered around the globe置于句首,引起倒装。按照正常语序句子主干应该是:More than 100 small regions … are scattered around the globe。此句为简单句,所以只有1个谓语动词 are。
2018年考研英语必考的七种倒装句结构
一、here, there,now, then开头的句子,句中的谓语动词为不及物动词时,句子要发生完全倒装。
例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell !
二、介词短语作状语位于句首,谓语动词是不及物动词时,句子要完全倒装。
例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
三、表否定的副词或短语位于句首,句子要发生部分倒装。
常见否定副词:not , not only ,few, barely,never , little , seldom , hardly,scarcely, ...
常见表否定的短语:in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例:Little dotheyknow about him.
Seldom doesshe come back on Sundays.
注:not only ... but also ...引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。
例:Not only doesshe do well in herlessons, but alsoshe often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+状语(从句)位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
例:Only then did I realize the importanceof English.
五、if引导的虚拟条件句中,如有were ( had , should ) , if则可省去,,把were,had,should提到主语前面, 发生部分倒装。
例:倒装前Ifwehad come yesterday,wewould have seen him.
倒装后Hadwecome yesterday,wewould have seen him.
六、so…that结构中的倒装。
如果要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so及它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要发生部分倒装:
例:倒装前:She runs so fast thatshe is far ahead of others.
倒装后:So fast doesshe run thatshe is far ahead of others.
七、as引导的让步状语从句,要发生部分倒装。
1.副词置于句首。
例:Much asshelike it (=Althoughshelike it very much), I will not buy it.
2.动词置于句首。
例:Wait aswemay (= Althoughwemay wait), he will not seeus.
3.形容词或名词置于句首。
例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注:当名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。
例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
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