古希腊哲学家色诺芬尼简介

时间：2017-12-07 14:33:59 卫文34由分享

　　色诺芬尼，史籍记载，古希腊哲学家、诗人、历史学家社会和宗教评论家，埃利亚派的先驱。下面是学习啦小编为大家整理的古希腊哲学家色诺芬尼简介，希望大家喜欢!

　　色诺芬尼简介

　　色诺芬尼是古希腊著名的哲学家、诗人、历史学家、社会和宗教评论家，埃利亚派的先驱。大约生活在公元前570年～前480年或470年，或公元前565年～473年。家乡是科洛封，也就是小亚细亚西岸的伊奥尼亚，据说25岁开始为了躲避波斯的统治而在各地漂流，晚年的时候在埃利亚定居，形成了自己的思想。下面做一下色诺芬尼简介。

　　色诺芬尼晚年定居埃利亚，并且在这里形成了自己独特的思想体系，据说当时埃利亚的巴门尼德就在此时期受到了色诺芬尼的影响成为了他的学生，后来哲学家芝诺也在埃利亚宣传色诺芬尼的学说，并且形成了埃利亚学派。

　　色诺芬尼是巴门尼德的老师，是巴门尼德的哲学思想的形成和埃利亚学派的形成的奠基人，色诺芬尼的某些思想即使是在今天看来也是具有非常积极的意义的，色诺芬尼抨击荷马和赫西俄德把人类的种种丑行和罪恶强加到神的身上，并且对于人们将神的模样想象成为人的模样非常的不赞同，他认为神是人创造出来的，并且说如果牛马会创造神的话，他们的神一定是牛马的模样。

　　色诺芬尼常被视为西方哲学的宗教信仰方面第一个一神教信徒。认为神是具有不生、不灭、永恒存在着的特质的。色诺芬尼认为在内陆甚至高山上发现海贝壳是海陆变迁的证据。色诺芬尼认为一切物质都源于土和水，

　　色诺芬尼的哲学思想

　　色诺芬尼是古希腊著名的哲学家、诗人、历史学家、社会和宗教评论家，色诺芬尼的思想涉及的范围非常的广泛，可以说是一位在很多领域有着自己独到见解的人，是历史上著名的埃利亚学派的奠基人，更是历史上著名的哲学家巴门尼德的老师，其最重要的贡献是在哲学领域的贡献，下面介绍一下色诺芬尼的哲学思想。

　　色诺芬尼的哲学思想首先是关照到了诸神起源的问题，色诺芬尼通过批判和反对传统观念中关于诸神起源的传说，以此揭示自己对世界本原的理解和看法。色诺芬尼认为一切都从土中生，一切最后又都归于土。一切生成和生长的东西都是土和水。

　　色诺芬尼的哲学思想还关照到了世界本源的问题，色诺芬尼认为世界的本原是土，一切的生成都来自于土和水。

　　色诺芬尼的哲学思想也说明了神的来源，色诺芬尼认为人类是依靠自己的想象塑造出了依靠心灵和思想左右世界的“神”——一个完全没有形体的神。色诺芬尼积极描述了神的特质：不生，不灭，永恒存在。

　　色诺芬尼的哲学思想还说明了真理对于人的特质，我们并不知道什么是真理，即使我们与“真理”相遇，我们也不知道那就是“真理”。所以我们知道和说出的的仅仅是我们“创造出来的只是意见”。

　　总而言之，色诺芬尼在那个古老的时代通过自己的观察与思考解释了自己所看到的，想到的这个世界的事物，色诺芬尼的哲学思想即使是在现代人看来也是有一定的积极意义的，在那个科学技术不发达的时代，可以说其哲学思想的先进性是巨大的。

　　色诺芬尼的英文介绍

　　Xenophanes of Colophon

　　(570 BC-480 BC) was a Greek philosopher, poet, and social and religious critic. Our knowledge of his views comes from his surviving poetry, all of which are fragments passed down as quotations by later Greek writers. His poetry criticized and satirized a wide range of ideas, including the belief in the pantheon of anthropomorphic gods and the Greeks' veneration of athleticism.

　　Xenophanes rejected the then-standard belief in many gods, as well as the idea that the gods resembled humans in form. One famous passage ridiculed the idea by claiming that, if oxen were able to imagine gods, then those gods would be in the image of oxen. Because of his development of the concept of One God that is abstract, universal, unchanging, immobile and always present, Xenophanes is often seen as one of the first monotheists in the Western philosophy of religion.

　　He also wrote that poets should only tell stories about the gods which were socially uplifting, one of many views which foreshadowed the work of Plato. Xenophanes also concluded from his examination of fossils that water once must have covered all of the Earth's surface. His epistemology, which is still influential today, held that there actually exists a truth of reality, but that humans as mortals are unable to know it. Therefore, it is possible to act only on the basis of working hypotheses - we may act as if we knew the truth, as long as we know that this is extremely unlikely. This aspect of Xenophanes was brought out again by the late Sir Karl Popper and is a basis of Critical rationalism.

　　Until the 1950s, there was some controversy over many aspects of Xenophanes, including whether or not he could be properly characterized as a philosopher. In today's philosophical and classics discourse, Xenophanes is seen as one of the most important presocratic philosophers. It had also been common to see him as the teacher of Zeno of Elea, the colleague of Parmenides, and generally associated with the Eleatic school, but common opinion today is likewise that this is false.

　　Founder of the Eleatic School of Philosophy, Xenophanes was a native of Colophon, and born about 570 BCE. It is difficult to determine the dates of his life with any accuracy and the facts of his life are also obscure. Xenophanes early left his own country and took refuge in Sicily, where he supported himself by reciting, at the court of Hiero, elegiac and iambic verses, which he had written in criticism of the Theogony of Hesiod and Homer. From Sicily he passed over into Magna Graecia, where he took up the profession of philosophy, and became a celebrated teacher in the Pythagorean school. Give way to a greater freedom of thought than was usual among the disciples of Pythagoras, he introduced new opinions of his own opposing the doctrines of Epimenides, Thales, and Pythagoras. He held the Pythagorean chair of philosophy for about seventy years, and lived to the extreme age of 105.