埃及金字塔英文简介基本内容
埃及金字塔英文简介基本内容
埃及金字塔，是古埃及法老和王后的陵墓，是世界公认的“古代世界八大奇迹”之一。下面是学习啦小编为你整理的埃及金字塔英文简介，希望对你有用!
埃及金字塔简介
The Egyptian pyramids were built in the year 2600 BC, a total of more than 70 seats, most of which is located in the desert of the southwest of the Giza Plateau in Cairo, is one of the world's recognized "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World". Among them, the largest and most famous is the generation of three generations of pyramids - Khufu pyramid, Hafra pyramid and the door of the pyramid. Which, in turn, is the most pyramid, it is equivalent to a more than 40 layers of skyscrapers. It is said that there are 10 million people in the sun exposure and supervision of the workers under the whip, with a decade of time to build stone and underground graves, and spent 20 years to build a tower, the whole project lasted more than 30 years. It is generally believed that the pyramids are the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs (kings).
Most of the sources of the study showed the number of pyramids in Egypt, and in 1842 Karl Richard Lepsius produced the List of Egyptian pyramids, when he counted 67, but in his later archaeological career More of the pyramids he identifies and discovers, and many inaccurate counts are related to many of the poorly preserved little pyramid wrecks and gravel mausoleums, and the wreckage is often difficult to confirm whether the tomb is a pyramid-type structure, but they are indeed The existence is also studied and identified by the archaeologists, most of which will be difficult to confirm the relics of the district classification, the number of groups calculated, which from north to south the most important observation range.
On December 26, 2007, the head of the Supreme Council of Egypt's monuments declared that Egypt would pay royalties by Egyptian monuments such as the Egyptian pyramids or human lion-like bodies through laws applicable to the world, as thousands of Pharaohs in Egypt Maintenance costs, but do not prohibit artists from all over the world to use paintings or other means to copy the Pharaoh monuments and Egyptian monuments to gain benefits, as long as these works "not 100% replicas" on it.
The pyramids are the tombs of ancient Egyptian slavery kings, which were historically called "Pharaoh". Ancient Egyptian devotion to God, so that it has long formed a deep-rooted "concept of the afterlife", they even think that "life is just a short stay, and after death is a permanent enjoyment." Thus, the Egyptians see the world as a continuation of earthly life. By this "concept of the afterlife", the ancient Egyptians alive, they are sincere, confidently prepared for the death. Every rich Egyptian man is prepared to prepare his own graves for himself and decorate the graves with all kinds of items for everlasting life. In the case of Pharaohs or nobles, he would spend years or even decades to build the graves and instruct the craftsmen to describe the sailing, hunting and feast of the frescoes and the wooden model As well as the labor of the servants, and so on, so that he can live in the same life as comfortable and happy. Ancient Egyptians call it "Maastaba". Later, there was a clever young man named Imjeepop, in the Egyptian Pharaoh left the king to design the grave, invented a new building method.
And finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid - this is what we see the pyramid of the embryonic form.
Look like the word "gold", so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum of the design of the Yimuai Taipu is the first stone tomb in Egypt's history.
After the king left the Egyptian Pharaoh had to follow him, in his lifetime wantonly built their own graves, from ancient Egypt set off a pyramid to create a wind. As the pyramids originated in the ancient kingdom period, and the largest pyramid was built during this period.
The ancient Egyptians produced the king's death to become God, "for him (Pharaoh) built heaven ladder, so that he can come to heaven." The pyramid is such a ladder. At the same time, the pyramid pyramid form also represents the worship of the sun god, because the ancient Egyptian sun god "pull" the sign is the sun light.
"Like the eyes of the same pull." Later, the ancient Egyptian obsession worship also have such significance, because the obelisk also said the sun's light.
The largest of all the pyramids of ancient Egypt is the pyramid of the fourth king of Pharaohs. This large pyramid is 146.59 meters high, after thousands of years of wind and rain, the top has been eroded nearly 10 meters. It was the tallest building in the world before the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1889. Khufu's pyramid, in addition to its large scale and amazing, but also with its high degree of architectural skills named. Between the stones of the tower, there is no cement and the like, but a stone stacked on top of another stone. Every stone is very flat, has been for thousands of years, even so, it is difficult to use a sharp blade inserted into the gap between the stones, so can not count down for thousands of years, it can not be said that A miracle in the history of architecture. In addition, in the big pyramid on the north side of the ground 13 meters above the ground there is a brick with four boulders into the entrance. This triangle is very clever, because if you do not use triangles and quadrilateral, then, more than 100 meters high pyramid itself, the enormous pressure will collapse the entrance. And with the triangle, so that the great pressure evenly spread out. In more than four thousand years ago, the mechanics of this understanding and use, to have such a structure, is indeed very great.
Soon after his death, he built a pyramid near his Great Pyramid. This is the pyramid of Khufu's son Hafra. It is 3 meters lower than Khufu's pyramid, but it seems to be taller than the Khufu pyramid because it's slightly above the ground. Near the tower built a carved Hafra's head and with the lion's body statue, the so-called Sphinx. In addition to the lion is built with stones, the whole Sphinx is in a huge natural rock chiseled. It has been 4500 years of history.
In the ancient Egyptian mythology, the lion is the guardian of the mysterious places, but also the guardian of the underground world gate. Because the death of Pharaoh to become a sun god, so to create such a Sphinx as Pharaoh guarding the door.
After the fourth dynasty, although the other Pharaoh built a lot of pyramids, but the size and quality can not be compared with the pyramid. After the sixth dynasty, with the ancient kingdom of the division and the decline of the power of the Pharaoh and the Egyptian people's resistance and some people's tomb, often Pharaoh's "mummy" from the pyramid dragged out, so the Egyptian pharaoh who will no longer build the pyramid , But in the mountains to dig a secret mausoleum.
埃及金字塔建造之谜
The construction of the pyramid does not have any documentation. There are several ideas for future generations. One is to use a huge lever, a rope tied with stones, the other end of the stone through the man to the top of the hanging, and then gradually up the stones pile up. Another speculation is that with the mound into the slope, the use of wooden roller to pull up the stones, the mound is surrounded by pyramid spiral rise. It was also argued that the second method of mound removal was a big problem, and thus speculated that began to use mound and then leveraged. There is another, that is, alien manufacturing.
The construction of the pyramid, whose technology is used in modern standards may not be clever, but in their management and organizational ability to give us a silence proof. For example, the Great Pyramid of Khufu covers an area of 13 acres, with 2.3 million stones, each stone weighs about two and a half. The building, according to the estimated fee to 100,000 people twenty years of power.
However, there is another argument, in 2006, Philadelphia Dreiser University material engineering professor Barr Somme speculated that "the ancient Egyptians in the construction of the upper pyramid, the concrete is poured into the high mold, and Not the boulder haul to the height. "(The full text published in December 2006 of the American Ceramic Association journal), of course, this argument has also been questioned by many people, which they question whether the sampling of Balu Som is sampling to The cement used to repair the pyramid in modern times. The French architect Jean-Pierre Hu Dan on March 31, 2007 proposed "from the inside to the cover" argument, that is, in the Great Pyramid wall built an external slope, and then to build an internal spiral tunnel.
金字塔能
在全世界研究金字塔的浪潮中，真是一迷未解，一谜又起。说法越来越多，也愈来愈离奇，被它吸引的人也日益增加。近三十年来，忽然又冒出一项所谓“新发现”，在西方接连出版了几十本洋洋洒洒的专著，上百篇的论文，成千上万人在试验、探讨，它的热潮正方兴未艾。这项“新发现”就是当前响应欧美各国的“金字塔能”。它说的是金字塔形的构造物，其内部产生着一种无形的、特殊的能量，故称之为“金字塔能”。据说，这种能量有着许多用途和奇特的功效。
故事还得从头讲起。
20世纪40年代，一位名叫布菲的法国人来到埃及，进入胡夫金字塔内参观。在胡夫墓室内，他发现一些干瘪的小动物的尸体。看样子它们自己跑进来，已死去很久。室内虽然并不干燥，但尸体一点也不腐烂发臭。布菲十分纳闷，沉思了一会，突然灵机一动，他想可能是金字塔形的建筑使它们变成了木乃伊。回国后，他按胡夫金字塔千分之一的比例，用木板制作了一个缺底的小金字塔模型。他把模型按南北方向放置，在中轴线据塔底三分之一高的地方，即胡夫殡室的位置上安放了一只刚死的猫。奇怪的现象发生了。过了一些日子，死猫成了一具木乃伊。布菲又对其他的有机物进行试验，也得到了同样的结果。此后，捷克无线电工程师卡里尔-杜拜尔偶然翻阅布菲的论文集时，读到布菲用马粪制作胡夫金字塔模型试验情况。杜拜尔心想，这种实验太容易了，不妨自己也来试试。于是，他用三毫米厚的马粪纸，按胡夫金字塔的比例，做了几个30厘米高的模型，进行第一次实验。结果他吃惊地发现，放在模型内的牛肉、羊肉、鸡蛋、花朵、死青蛙、壁虎等果然变干而不腐。实验获得初步成功后，他就与布菲通信，两人保持着经常地联系。
杜拜尔不断地试验，探讨模型内究竟存在什么能量。有一次，他将一把刮胡子刀片放在模型内，满以为它将变钝，但结果却相反，刀片变得更锋利，他用这把刀片刮了50次胡子。这样，他就开始研究金字塔模型对刀片的影响。他做了一个15厘米高的模型，把刀片平放在塔内据塔底三分之一高的地方，刀片的两端对准南北方向，模型本身也按南北放置。几次试验，结果雷同。一种极其简单而又神奇的磨刀片器——马粪纸的胡夫金字塔模型就这样发明了。
1949年，杜拜尔正式向捷克首都布拉格有关部门申请注册“法老磨刀片器”的发明权。在捷克，一般专利发明权至多3年即可批准，但这项编号为91304的发明经过了整整10年的周折，直到1959年才批下。其间，杜拜尔竭力说服专利委员会，并向委员会主席通了一个模型。该主席亲自进行试验。最后表示这项发明确有实效，它并不是什么欺骗或魔术。与此同时，杜拜尔还探索模型磨刀片的原理。杜拜尔在一家无线电研究所工作，他可以了解当时世界上最新的科技情报。并充分利用所里的设备与仪器。他把实验扩展到收音机、雷达、宇宙线和其他射线中，研究用马粪纸这样的绝缘体制成的金字塔模型，其内部的空间产生着什么样的震荡，这种震荡又和地球磁场与刀刃之间有什么关系。最后，他得出一种假设，或称为一个定理：来自太阳的宇宙微波，通过聚集于塔内的地球磁场，活跃了模型内的震荡波，使刀片“脱水”变锋利。
兴起和演变
金字塔是古埃及奴隶制国王的陵寝。这些统治者在历史上称之为“法老”。古代埃及人对神的虔诚信仰，使其很早就形成了一个根深蒂固的“来世观念”，他们甚至认为“人生只不过是一个短暂的居留，而死后才是永久的享受”。因而，埃及人把冥世看做是尘世生活的延续。受这种“来世观念”的影响，古埃及人活着的时候，就诚心备至、充满信心地为死后做准备。每一个有钱的埃及人都要忙着为自己准备坟墓，并用各种物品去装饰坟墓，以求死后获得永生。以法老或贵族而论，他会花费几年，甚至几十年的时间去建造坟墓，还命令匠人以坟墓壁画和木制模型来描绘他死后要继续从事的驾船、狩猎、欢宴活动，以及仆人们应做的活计，等等，使他能在死后同生前一样生活得舒适如意。
相传，古埃及第三王朝之前，无论王公大臣还是老百姓死后，都被葬入一种用泥砖建成的长方形的坟墓，古代埃及人叫它“马斯塔巴”。后来，有个聪明的年轻人叫伊姆荷太普，在给埃及法老左塞王设计坟墓时，发明了一种新的建筑方法。
他用山上采下的呈方形的石块来代替泥砖，并不断修改修建陵墓的设计方案，最终建成一个六级的梯形金字塔——这就是我们现在所看到的金字塔的雏形。
在古代埃及文中，金字塔是梯形分层的，因此又称作层级金字塔。这是一种高大的角锥体建筑物，底座四方形，每个侧面是三角形，样子就像汉字的“金”字，所以我们叫它“金字塔”。伊姆荷太普设计的塔式陵墓是埃及历史上的第一座石质陵墓。
左塞王之后的埃及法老纷纷效仿他，在生前就大肆为自己修建坟墓，从此在古埃及掀起一股营造金字塔之风。由于金字塔起源于古王国时期，而且最大的金字塔也建在此时期内，因此，埃及的古王国时期又被称为金字塔时代。古代埃及的法老们为什么要将坟墓修成角锥体的形式，即修成汉字中的金字形呢?
原来，在最早的时候，埃及的法老是准备将马斯塔巴作为死后的永久性住所的。后来，大约在第二至第三王朝的时候，古埃及人产生了国王死后要成为神，他的灵魂要升天的观念。在后来发现的《金字塔铭文》中有这样的话：“为他(法老)建造起上天的天梯，以便他可由此上到天上”。金字塔就是这样的天梯。同时，角锥体金字塔形式又表示对太阳神的崇拜，因为古代埃及太阳神“拉”的标志是太阳光芒。金字塔象征的就是刺向青天的太阳光芒。因为，当你站在通往基泽的路上，在金字塔棱线的角度上向西方看去，可以看到金字塔象撒向大地的太阳光芒。
《金字塔铭文》中有这样的话：“天空把自己的光芒伸向你，以便你可以去到天上，犹如拉的眼睛一样”。后来古代埃及人对方尖碑的崇拜也有这样意义，因为方尖碑也表示太阳的光芒。
古埃及所有金字塔中最大的一座，是第四王朝法老胡夫的金字塔。这座大金字塔原高146.59米，经过几千年来的风吹雨打，顶端已经剥蚀了将近10米。在1888年巴黎建筑起埃菲尔铁塔以前，它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。这座金字塔的底面呈正方形，每边长230多米，绕金字塔一周，差不多要走一公里的路程。胡夫的金字塔，除了以其规模的巨大而令人惊叹以外，还以其高度的建筑技巧而得名。塔身的石块之间，没有任何水泥之类的粘着物，而是一块石头叠在另一块石头上面的。每块石头都磨得很平，至今已历时数千年，就算这样，人们也很难用一把锋利的刀刃插入石块之间的缝隙，所以能历数千年而不倒，这不能不说是建筑史上的奇迹。另外，在大金字塔身的北侧离地面13米高处有一个用4块巨石砌成的三角形出入口。这个三角形用得很巧妙，因为如果不用三角形而用四边形，那么，一百多米高的金字塔本身的巨大压力将会把这个出入口压塌。而用三角形，就使那巨大的压力均匀地分散开了。在四千多年前对力学原理有这样的理解和运用，能有这样的构造，确实是十分了不起的。
胡夫死后不久，在他的大金字塔不远的地方，又建起了一座金字塔。这是胡夫的儿子哈夫拉的金字塔。它比胡夫的金字塔低3米，但由于它的地面稍高，因此看起来似乎比胡夫的金字塔还要高一些。塔的附近建有一个雕着哈夫拉的头部而配着狮子身体的大雕像，即所谓狮身人面像。除狮是用石块砌成之外，整个狮身人面像是在一块巨大的天然岩石上凿成的。它至今已有4500多年的历史。
为什么刻成狮身呢?在古埃及神话里，狮子乃是各种神秘地方的守护者，也是地下世界大门的守护者。因为法老死后要成为成太阳神，所以就造了这样一个狮身人面像为法老守护门户。
第四王朝以后，其他法老虽然建造了许多金字塔，但规模和质量都不能和上述金字塔相比。第六王朝以后，随着古王国的分裂和法老权力下降以及埃及人民的反抗和有些人的盗墓，常把法老的“木乃伊”从金字塔里拖出来，所以埃及的法老们也就不再建造金字塔，而是在深山里开凿秘密陵墓了。
崭新理论 近年来天文科技的发展有了震撼性突破。他们惊喜地发现，位于火星球体的物质形状外表酷似金字塔，而且有着类似狮身人面像的面部特征造型!这一重大发现透视出火星与金字塔二者之间有着某种令人激动的微妙联系。而最近披露的消息说，开罗南部有一座神庙，其墙壁上发现有大量难以解释的壁画图案，画面清晰逼真地演绎着高速快车、宇宙飞船等现代产物，而其中一架飞机的形状酷似美国数年前的阿帕齐755型飞机!是5000年前古埃及人大智大慧的预言，亦或是当时文明存在的遗迹?为什么金字塔千古之谜会和火星有着剪不断、理还乱的千丝万缕的联系呢?
有一玄妙理论来自于本世纪40年代美国预言家凯斯。埃德加·凯斯运用精神方法诱发潜在能量，据说当凯斯预言事物时，他身体平躺，双目微闭，双手交叉放在前额，这时一道闪电倏然出现，答案便由此而来。在此之后，15年，新的理论观点称法老墓准确对着某些星宿，或许希望着法老王死后早日升天。三座金字塔的排列与猎户星宿极为相似，即两颗是平行，一星稍偏离。此番专家霍格兰提出了大胆的设想：大约一万两千年前，一场史无前例的灾难毁灭了火星上的生物，而火星上那些掌握最高科技的人群先有准备，离开火星，逃往地球。假设如此，让我们不妨浪漫地想象一下，21世纪的人类也许在不久的将来登上火星，找到我们真正的历史，找到我们来时的路，找到我们原有的“家”。
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