南阳武侯祠英语导游词

时间：2022-07-18 16:54:00 郑杭0由分享

南阳武侯祠坐落于中国历史文化名城河南省南阳市区城西的卧龙岗上，坐西向东偏南，现存殿堂房舍267间，主要建筑由东而西排列在一条中轴线上，分前后两重，建筑布局严谨，疏密相宜，殿堂雄严，亭台壮观。接下来是小编为大家整理的关于南阳武侯祠英语导游词，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!

南阳武侯祠英语导游词1

Now we come to this beautiful courtyard, which is the new Nanyang Han painting gallery opened on December 28, 1999. Nanyang Han painting museum is the first art museum in China to collect and display stone carvings of Han Dynasty. Founded in 1935, it is one of the early art museums in China. With its rich collection and unique artistic style, it has long been the focus of scholars at home and abroad, and has a wide range of social influence. The old museum was originally located in WoLonggang in the western suburb of Nanyang City, covering an area of 2700 square meters. Now we enter the courtyard through the gate que of imitating Han Dynasty. The magnificent building in front of us is 118 meters wide from north to South and 21 meters high in the middle. It covers an area of 80 mu and has nearly 3000 stone carvings of Han Dynasty, accounting for one third of the country. At present, what is open is the basic display part of the first floor complex, including 119 national first-class products. It is the largest Han Dynasty painting and stone carving art exhibition hall in China. OK, let's step into the picture now and take a look at the eternal situation. You can see that the two precious large stone beasts "Tianlu" and "fenxie" in the hall have experienced more than 2000 years of vicissitudes. They are the unique large-scale round sculpture of Han Dynasty in China. These two stone beasts, with tiger head and phoenix tail, scale body and wings, are simple and lifelike. Don't look down on them. These two stone beasts have already attracted the attention of the world as early as the Tang Dynasty. These two carved stone beasts were mentioned in emperor Xiaoling, Ji Gu Lu by Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty and Mengxi Bi Tan by Shen Kuo.

As we all know, Nanyang basin is located at the intersection of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. It is rich in natural products, fertile land, crisscross rivers, suitable climate, and convenient land and water transportation. Since ancient times, Nanyang Basin has been one of the areas with advanced economy, culture, science and technology in China, and it is also a famous strategic place. As early as the Warring States period, Nanyang's iron smelting technology was quite well-known. In the Western Han Dynasty, Nanyang's iron smelting, water conservancy and agricultural production had further development. "On salt and iron" said that "Wan (Nanyang) zhouqilu, business all over the world, rich crown in the sea", has become one of the most prominent commercial cities in China. Liu Xiu, the Guangwu emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, made his fortune in Nanyang, and most of the 28 generals of Liu Xiu came from Nanyang. According to incomplete statistics, there were 47 marquis in Nanyang in the Han Dynasty. These Royal relatives, aristocratic families, wealthy businessmen, lived to the utmost of their desire, died more thick burial, competing to build a large tomb. In this way, the style of stone carvings began in the Western Han Dynasty and developed further in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition to burying more treasures, puppets, chariots and horses in the tombs for the dead to "enjoy", the feudal ruling class also launched a large-scale stone tomb chamber with "Zhou Pavilion and heavy gate" style built on the ground. Nanyang Han Dynasty stone carvings are a unique kind of stone carvings that were born and developed from this kind of stone tomb chamber.

Nanyang Han Dynasty stone carvings involve a wide range of subjects, and the content is also very rich. Because Nanyang stone carvings of Han Dynasty mainly adopt the artistic expression method of realism, it can be said that they are the epitome of the society of the two Han Dynasties, and provide us with the theoretical basis for studying the political system, etiquette and customs, economic situation, religious consciousness, literature and calligraphy, fine arts, music, dance, acrobatics, martial arts, drama, architecture, astronomy, education, animal husbandry and veterinary science of the two Han Dynasties Precious visual image data. These Han Dynasty stone carvings are skillfully carved and rich in content. They include pictures of the sun, moon and stars showing the achievements of astronomy in the Han Dynasty; pictures of dance music and acrobatics reflecting the art of song and dance in the Han Dynasty; luxurious life scenes of the rulers of the Han Dynasty, including the first class in gaomen, riding cars and throwing pots at banquets; and pictures of immortality rising and myths and legends showing that the ruling class of the Han Dynasty adored Taoism and witchcraft.

The first thing we entered was the auspicious hall. In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao thought was popular. He believed in Taoism and witchcraft, worshipped immortals, served immortals and elixirs, and sought immortality. Therefore, there are many paintings showing the idea of immortality. Look at this picture of "feathered man and beast", which depicts "feathered man" and "Feilian". The feather man is a Taoist immortal. He has a few inches of hair. He can rise from the ground to the top of the building and fly to the sky. Feilian is a kind of deity, which can ascend to heaven. Therefore, Feilian is often engraved in places where immortal thoughts are expressed. The head of Feilian in Nanyang Han Dynasty stone reliefs looks like a dragon instead of a dragon, and the body looks like a deer instead of a deer. The body has two wings and drags the tail of a snake. The two Feilian are chasing and running one after the other, with a vivid and natural look. If you look at this picture of "God riding tiger shooting monster", can you see what's different about its carving techniques? Yes, it's called Yin line carving, which is rare in Han Dynasty stone reliefs. The carving techniques of Nanyang Han Dynasty stone statues mostly belong to the low relief with horizontal and vertical lines, which express the details of the portraits with thick lines. The design of the portrait is bold and ingenious, the lines are rigid and flexible, and the various images in the portrait give people the feeling of ancient clumsy and extensive, vigorous and heroic. In the early Han Dynasty, relief carving and Yin line carving were also used, but this kind of stone was rare, so it became more and more precious.

南阳武侯祠英语导游词2

Now we are going to pay homage to Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist and famous writer in the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng was born and buried in Nanyang. Zhang Heng's tomb is located in Shiqiao Town, 25 kilometers north of Nanyang city. It is 8 meters high and 79 meters long. It is surrounded by brick passageways and octagonal walls. It is surrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is planted all over the garden, covered by green grass, and the cemetery is solemn and quiet. The front of the flower wall is the gate of January. There are two tombstones in front of the gate. One is erected in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the other is erected in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There is a stone inscription written by Guo Moruo in front of the tomb: "such a person with all-round development is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship him for thousands of years."

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Nanyang County West e (today's Shiqiao Town) people. He was born in the third year of emperor Zhang's reign (78) and died in the fourth year of emperor Yonghe (139). Zhang Heng is intelligent, quick and eager to learn, erudite and versatile. He has set up a towering monument in the history of science and culture in the world, and is known as "the world's cultural celebrity and China's science leader."

Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Luoyang was the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Scholars gathered, schools were like a forest, academic atmosphere was strong, and culture and education were unprecedentedly prosperous. In order to broaden his horizons, Zhang Heng visited Luoyang in March of Yangchun in the sixth year of emperor Yongyuan (1994). This time he lived in Luoyang for six years. During this period, he spent his main energy on traveling to Taixue, visiting famous teachers, seeking friends, learning modestly and studying assiduously.

He was proficient in Five Classics (Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu) and Six Arts (Li, Yue, she, Yu, Shu, Shu). With the help of his good friend Cui yuan, he began to study astronomy, mathematics and calendar in natural science. He wrote a lot of beautiful Fu, which initially showed his extraordinary talent and attracted the attention of the society. He has a high attainments in literature and science, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for him to become a great scientist.

In the late autumn of A.D. 100, Bao de was transferred to Nanyang Prefecture. Recommended by Cui yuan, 23-year-old Zhang Heng left Luoyang, the capital, and went with Bao De to Nanyang Prefecture as the governor.

In the fifth year of Emperor Han an's Yongchu period (111), Bao de and others played on the Ming emperor in Beijing, which made emperor an know that Zhang Heng was knowledgeable, so he took the bus to Nanyang to enlist Zhang Heng to become a doctor of Shangshutai in Luoyang. Three years later, he was promoted to be shangshilang, and the next year he was changed to Taishiling.

Taishiling was in charge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology and sacrificial ceremonies. This created a very favorable condition for Zhang Heng's in-depth study and practice of astronomical calendar. In 133, Zhang Heng was promoted to serve as a senior advisor to the emperor. In the first year of Yonghe (136), Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng was expelled from Luoyang, the capital, and became the Prime Minister of Hejian. Zhang Heng came to Luoyang for the second time and lived for 26 years. In these 26 years, although his official position changed several times, he served as the supreme historian for the longest time. He did a lot of scientific research when he was appointed as the imperial historian. Lingtai is the largest Astronomical Observatory in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was used for 250 years. Zhang Heng not only wrote some important scientific works such as Lingxian, earthquake countermeasures, and notes on the armillary sphere, but also designed and created some ingenious instruments such as the armillary sphere and the Houfeng seismograph, making outstanding contributions to mankind.

In Lingxian, Zhang Heng explained in detail the natural phenomena of the change of lunar phenomena and the occurrence of lunar eclipse. After scientific analysis, many scientific opinions are put forward. He recorded the stars in the sky when he was observing in Lingtai. There are 2500 brighter stars, 124 regular stars and 320 named stars. This is roughly the same as the statistics of modern astronomy that 2500-3000 stars can be seen with the naked eye at the same time and place. The number of stars observed in Luoyang at that time is basically the same as that observed in modern times. Therefore, he also drew the Lingxian map, which is the earliest star map in China.

南阳武侯祠英语导游词3

Good morning, friends! Now, I will take you to visit Wuhou Ci, which is located in WoLonggang, the western suburb of Nanyang city. The temple of marquis Wu in Nanyang, also known as Zhuge cottage, is the former site of Zhuge Liang, a famous statesman and militarist in the Three Kingdoms period, who "worked hard in Nanyang". The place where uncle Liu visited three times in those days was also the place where people in the past dynasties paid homage to and sacrificed Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang (181-234), whose name is Kongming, was born in Yangdu, Langya County, Shandong Province (now the south of Yishui County, Shandong Province) at the end of Han Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young, and then went to Mu Liubiao in Jingzhou with his uncle zhugexuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge all worked in Jielu, WoLonggang, Nanyang, and lived a life of cloth clothes that "lived in troubled times and did not seek fame and fame from Princes". However, he made friends with famous people all over the world. He was full of wisdom and good intentions. He lived in seclusion and pursued ambition. Mr. pound, a famous scholar at that time, compared him to a "Wolong" waiting for time to take off. In 207, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei paid homage to Zhuge Liang in Maolu. Since then, Zhuge Liang, 27, left WoLonggang, where he had been working for ten years, and joined Liu Bei's political group. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Shu Han and became the Marquis of Wuxiang. After his death, he became loyal to the marquis. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's ancestral temple is called "Marquis Temple".

According to the records of longgangzhi written by Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was built in the late Wei and Jin Dynasties. It has been continuously repaired and added to form its present scale. Today, the Wuhou Temple, which we see, covers an area of more than 200 mu, has more than 150 halls, more than 70 procuratorial couplets and more than 300 inscriptions. It is the largest ancient architectural complex in memory of Zhuge Liang in China. Today's Wuhou Temple maintains the layout style of the yuan and Ming Dynasties, and its wooden buildings are mostly rebuilt or added in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancestral temple is built in accordance with the hillock, with Baihe River in the South and Zishan mountain in the north. The courtyard is surrounded by bamboo trees, pines and cypresses, clear water and pleasant scenery. The beautiful natural scenery and popular cultural landscape complement each other, making people forget to return.

Well, members of the group, now we have come to the population of Wuhou Temple. Look at this "Eternal Dragon" stone square, which is 9 meters high and 13.5 meters wide. It has three doors and four columns and is full of carvings. "Eternal Dragon" means that Zhuge Liang is the dragon among the people, metaphorically WoLonggang is the land of Hidden Dragon and crouching tiger. You can see that the second Daofang is called "Sangu Fang". It was set up during the reign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. On both sides, it is engraved with "Sangu Chu, Emperor zhaolie of the Han Dynasty" and "true God Man". It is to commemorate Liu Bei's three talents. It is because of Liu Bei's sincere consideration that Zhuge Liang left WoLonggang, where he had lived in seclusion for ten years, to assist Liu Bei. He devoted his whole life to the army and died. Only when he died, could Liu Bei divide the world into three parts and achieve the imperial career. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's achievements are unparalleled. Liu Bei's respect for knowledge and talents is real, not just verbal. This advantage is really worth learning from some of our leaders today! The three words "true God and man" come from Su Shi's Wu Hou Miao Ji, which praises Zhuge Liang's saying: "human, God, immortal, I don't know, true Wolong." Take a look at wolongtan in the north of Shifang. There are three ancient catalpa trees on those sides. It is said that they were the trees that Liu, Mei and Zhang Sangu used to tie horses in those days. Now there is another one. Guess who's horse was tied to the trees more than 1700 years ago?

Through sangufang and Xianren bridge, this road leads to the mountain gate. The mountain gate is the main gate of Wuhou Temple, which is simple and dignified. The three characters "Wuhou Temple" engraved on the stone plaque on the forehead of the central gate are inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo. After the mountain gate, the first courtyard to enter Wuhou Temple is spacious, with ancient cypresses covering the sun and green bricks covering the ground, which is simple and natural. The stone square of "three generations of talents" on the corridor in the courtyard corresponds to the hall of worship. This is to praise Zhuge Liang's talent and moral character, which can be compared with Yiyin, LV Shang, Fu Shuo and so on. Let's turn around and look at the four big words "master of military strategy". Military strategy originally refers to the ancient Chinese military books "six Taos" and "three strategies". Later generations used it to refer to military strategy. Here is also a praise for Zhuge Liang's military strategy.

南阳武侯祠英语导游词4

Good morning, everyone! Now, I will take you to visit Wuhou Ci, which is located in WoLonggang, the western suburb of Nanyang city. The temple of marquis Wu in Nanyang, also known as Zhuge cottage, is the former site of Zhuge Liang, a famous statesman and militarist in the Three Kingdoms period, who "worked hard in Nanyang". The place where uncle Liu visited three times in those days was also the place where people in the past dynasties paid homage to and sacrificed Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang (181-234), with the name of Kongming, was born in Yangdu, Langya County, Shandong Province (now the south of Yishui County, Shandong Province) in the late Han Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young, and then went to Mu Liubiao in Jingzhou with his uncle zhugexuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge all worked in Jielu, WoLonggang, Nanyang, and lived a life of cloth clothes that "lived in troubled times and did not seek fame and fame from Princes". However, he made friends with famous people all over the world. He was full of wisdom and good intentions. He lived in seclusion and pursued ambition. Mr. pound, a famous scholar at that time, compared him to a "Wolong" waiting for time to take off. In 207, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei paid homage to Zhuge Liang in Maolu. Since then, Zhuge Liang, 27, left WoLonggang, where he had been working for ten years, and joined Liu Bei's political group. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Shu Han and became the Marquis of Wuxiang. After his death, he became loyal to the marquis. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's ancestral temple is called "Marquis Temple".

According to the records of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was built in the late Wei and Jin Dynasties. Through the continuous repair and construction of generations, it has formed its present scale. Today, we see Wuhou Temple, covering an area of more than 200 mu, with more than 150 halls, more than 70 procuratorial couplets and more than 300 inscriptions. It is the largest ancient architectural complex in memory of Zhuge Liang in China. Today's Wuhou Temple maintains the layout style of the yuan and Ming Dynasties, and its wooden buildings are mostly rebuilt or added in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancestral temple is built in accordance with the hillock, with Baihe River in the South and Zishan mountain in the north. The courtyard is surrounded by bamboo trees, pines and cypresses, clear water and pleasant scenery. The beautiful natural scenery and popular cultural landscape complement each other, making people forget to return.

Well, members of the group, now we have come to the population of Wuhou Temple. Look at this "Eternal Dragon" stone square, which is 9 meters high and 13.5 meters wide. It has three doors and four columns and is full of carvings. "Eternal Dragon" means that Zhuge Liang is the dragon among the people, metaphorically WoLonggang is the land of Hidden Dragon and crouching tiger. You can see that the second Daofang is called "Sangu Fang". It was set up during the reign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. On both sides, it is engraved with "Sangu Chu, Emperor zhaolie of the Han Dynasty" and "true God Man". It is to commemorate Liu Bei's three talents. It is because of Liu Bei's sincere consideration that Zhuge Liang left WoLonggang, where he had lived in seclusion for ten years, to assist Liu Bei. He devoted his whole life to the army and died. Only when he died, could Liu Bei divide the world into three parts and achieve the imperial career. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's achievements are unparalleled. Liu Bei's respect for knowledge and talents is real, not just verbal. This advantage is really worth learning from some of our leaders today! The three words "true God and man" come from Su Shi's eulogy of Zhuge Liang: "man, God, immortal, I don't know, true Wolong." Take a look at wolongtan in the north of Shifang. There are three ancient catalpa trees on those sides. It is said that they were the trees that Liu, Mei and Zhang Sangu used to tie horses in those days. Now there is another one. Guess who's horse was tied to the trees more than 1700 years ago?

Through sangufang and Xianren bridge, this road leads to the mountain gate. The mountain gate is the main gate of Wuhou Temple, which is simple and dignified. The three characters "Wuhou Temple" engraved on the stone plaque on the forehead of the central gate are inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo. After the mountain gate, the first courtyard to enter Wuhou Temple is spacious, with ancient cypresses covering the sun and green bricks covering the ground, which is simple and natural. The stone square of "three generations of talents" on the corridor in the courtyard corresponds to the hall of worship. This is to praise Zhuge Liang's talent and moral character, which can be compared with Yiyin, LV Shang, Fu Shuo and so on. Let's turn around and look at the four big characters of "master of military strategy". Military strategy originally refers to the ancient Chinese military books and military tactics, and later used to refer to military tactics. Here is also a praise for Zhuge Liang's military strategy.

Members, this is the hall of worship, which is the main building of Wuhou Temple. At the main entrance of the Dabai hall, there is a plaque in the running script of Liao Wenjin, the magistrate of Nanyang in the third year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1823). Inside the hall, there is a statue of Kong mingduan sitting on the front. He has a silk napkin and a feather fan, and his demeanor is solemn. It is the typical costume of the hermit Confucians in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. On the left is his eldest son Zhuge Zhan, and on the right is his eldest grandson Zhuge Shang. The pillars under the eaves of the hall are covered with couplets and plaques of celebrities and poets of past dynasties, which are full of the world's respect and admiration for Zhuge Liang.

Look at this pair: "Lv Panxi yixinye King Zuo Qi's talent has been followed by Wan Langya's winner, Chang Jing Lun Bu Huan, and Qi Bao's uncle Zheng Zipi's holy gate's promise is also in line with Xu Yuan's direct view of the virtuous and able people's efforts.". This couplet eulogizes LV Shang, Yi Yin, Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang, who can help the emperor to turn the tide and run the country. It also eulogizes Bo Le, who recommends talented people like Bao Shuya, Zheng Zipi and Xu Yuanzhi. It has profound implications and enlightens people.

Look at this pair: "standing between Xinye and Weibin, I read that I was a master of two dynasties. I was surprised by Sima. Jielu was singing Liang's father in the white water of Zifeng. The wind and cloud rose from Wolong for thousands of years." Here, product refers to grade and grade.

Xinye Weibin refers to Yiyin and lvshang when they lived in seclusion. The two dynasties refer to Liu Bei and Liu Chan. Jing Sima refers to the use of wooden statues after Zhuge Liang's death, which made Sima Yi dejected. In the second couplet, Zifeng Baishui refers to Zishan and Baihe in the suburbs of Nanyang. Qu Yin, Liang Fu, or Yinyong, tells the story of Qi Xiangman Ying killing three scholars with two peaches. It is said that it was written by Zhuge Liang. This couplet fully praises Zhuge Liang's lofty integrity and great achievements. When he lived in seclusion, he was indifferent to his ambition, quiet and farsighted, which could be compared with the noble behavior of Yiyin and lvshang. He built the thatched cottage at the foot of Zishan mountain and the Bank of Baihe River. He compared himself with Guan Zhong and Leyi, and people like Jiang Ziya and Zhang Zifang, who had been prosperous for 800 years in Zhou Dynasty and 400 years in WangHan Dynasty I know that "thatched cottage pair" talks about the world's situation and strategic decision-making, which shows his political foresight and great talent; how strong and fierce his mind is, moving tears! With the spirit of dedicating himself to death, he helped the two emperors to establish the great cause of Shuhan.

Just imagine that it was Liu, Guan and Zhang who came here to look after the cottage that led to Zhuge Liang's official career and the magnificent and colorful history of the war of the Three Kingdoms. Despite thousands of years of vicissitudes and vicissitudes, Zhuge's great name is still in the universe, and the stories of the three kingdoms are popular all over the world. Zhuge Liang's political, military and governing strategies are the precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. Zhuge Liang's immortal reputation is always worthy of people's memory. At this moment, standing in the temple of marquis Wu and remembering the great cause of Kong Ming's life, why don't we go back to ancient times and think about the time when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in wolonggangtou, Nanyang, studied hard history books, looked around the world, set great ambitions and cared about the people's livelihood, and spent his youth here. In the last years of the Shu Han Dynasty, however, there was a Dou who could not support him. In addition, his national strength was poor. Although Zhuge Liang was determined to unite the Central Plains, he went out of the Qi Mountain six times, but he could not sing alone. What's more, he lamented that he died of illness after a long hard work. Later generations think about it, all of them feel regret. Just as Du Fu said in his poem, "if you look at the world frequently, you will benefit the old ministers in the two dynasties.". Before you succeed, you will die first. "The heart is in the court. No matter what the leader is, why should you argue about Xiangyang and Nanyang?"

This is a famous couplet written by Gu Jiaheng in Qing Dynasty. The first couplet says that Zhuge Liang is dedicated to the country, regardless of whether the monarch is the wise Liu Bei or the fatuous a Bandou. The second couplet says that Zhuge Liang is famous forever and praises the world. Why should we distinguish between Xiangyang and Nanyang? This is a historical "case". It turns out that Zhuge Liang recalled that he said before he left the thatched cottage: "Chen Ben Bu Yi, devoted himself to farming in Nanyang", but there was another "Longzhong Dui", which was in Xiangyang, Hubei Province.

As a result, both Nanyang people and Xiangyang people said that Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in his hometown. Scholars quoted classics one after another and refused to give in to each other. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a lawsuit. Gu Jiaheng, a native of Hubei Province, was also the magistrate of Nanyang, Henan Province at that time. In order not to offend the people of his hometown, but also not to stab the official land, he had to come to "he xianni" and wrote down this pair of eclectic couplets riding on the wall, asking everyone not to divide Nanyang and Xiangyang, thus alleviating a long-standing dispute. Therefore, this pair of couplets became famous for people's recitation. In 1959, Hu Yao, then Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, came to Nanyang to inspect his work. He appreciated the couplet and changed it into a couplet: "the heart lies in the people. No matter what the big or small things are, why should we fight for more or less?" The new content given to the revolution by the old form of the ancient name couplet fully embodies the broad mind and noble sentiment of Comrade Hu Yao, the revolutionist of the older generation.

It seems that up to now, Gu Jiaheng's couplet still gives us useful enlightenment. In addition, there are many famous couplets in Wuhou Temple, most of which praise Zhuge Liang's talent and virtue. If these couplets are put together and analyzed vertically and horizontally, it can be said to be an epic of the Three Kingdoms. Such as this pair: set three points, burn Bowang, go out of Qishan, immortal; Qi zhouyu, Ping Sima, capture Menghuo, spread from ancient to modern. There is also a wonderful couplet: collect two rivers, set up eight formations, seven capture and six out. Wuzhang originally set up 49 bright lights, only for the sake of kindness; take western Shu, attack Southern barbarians, and refuse to the East and the north. The Chinese Army's account is sealed with gold, wood and earth, and the water surface can be attacked by fire. The first couplet skillfully uses one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten numbers. The second couplet flexibly uses 10 characters, including East, West, north, South, middle, gold, wood, water, fire, earth, and the whole couplet contains 54 characters. It succinctly expounds Zhuge Liang's life of fighting, which helped Liu Bei and his son to fight in the army after he left the thatched cottage.

Please come here with me to visit the calligraphy of Yue Fei. This is composed of 2l stone tablets. They are exquisitely carved and very spectacular. Chushibiao is Zhuge Liang's memorial to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing (227 years). It describes his loyalty thought of "devoting all his efforts" to revive the Han Dynasty. It has become an eternal masterpiece with strong appeal. In 1138, Yue Fei, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty who fought against Jin Dynasty, passed by Nanyang on his way to fight against Jin Dynasty. After watching chushibiao, he was moved to tears by Zhuge Liang's spirit of working hard and dying. He could not sleep at night. He was filled with emotion. Later, at the request of Taoist, he wrote more than 1300 words of chushibiao in one go Recite and write to express your mind. Its characters are iron and silver, and the Dragon flies and the Phoenix dances. It is natural and graceful, unrestrained and incisive, which shows the superb art of calligraphy. Today, when we visit Wuhou Temple and watch chushibiao, we can not only see Kong Ming's mind and ambition, but also appreciate Yue Fei's calligraphy. It's a great blessing in this life.

Now we go up the steps around the main hall and enter a quiet and beautiful courtyard. The courtyard is surrounded by ancient trees, flowers and cypresses. This octagonal building is the world-famous Zhuge cottage. The thatched cottage is of brick and wood structure, covered with thatch and connected with cloisters, which is simple and crude. A stone tablet in 1478, the 14th year of Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, was erected in lunei. On the front of the stele, seven characters were engraved with "the old Lu of Zhuge and Kongming of Han Dynasty". A plaque written by Mr. Guo Moruo and the Democratic Party yuan Laoyu was hung in lunei and on the forehead. The eight corners of the thatched cottage are set up and eight wind chimes are hung, with a unique style. Whenever the wind blows gently, the wind chimes jingle, as if telling a story that has been passed down through the ages. We can have a close view of the surrounding scenery when we take a rest in the Lu. The ancients once said that there are eight scenes in one Lu. Eight of the ten scenes in WoLonggang can be seen here: Gubai Pavilion, yeyundi, banyuetai, Gonggeng Pavilion, Xiaohong bridge, Baoxi stone, Laolong cave, etc., which are built around the Lu, forming the trend of many stars arching the moon. Although these scenic spots are located in the same courtyard, there is no sense of congestion and embarrassment. The steles and corridors are connected with each other. They are opposite to each other, forming a beautiful and quiet garden scenery. When you move, you can guide the scenery, showing the superb gardening art of the ancients.

At the right back of the thatched cottage, it is a brick and stone structure with a table structure. The plane is square and the height is about several feet. It can spiral up along the stairway. There is a brick wall pattern platform on it. You can watch the sky from a distance by relying on the railing. Zhuge Liang, who knew astronomy and geography, was good at making use of natural phenomena such as wind, rain and fog to serve the war. Folk stories such as grass boat borrowing arrows and offering sacrifices to the east wind were well known to women and children. There is a poem in the Qing Dynasty praising it: "the moon in the Han Dynasty is hollowed out to show the blue sky. With a high view, you can see the cold smoke. You can see the water in the forest and wait for the full moon." The front of the platform is a semi-circular brick gate with three characters of "banyuetai" written by Gu Jiaheng embedded on it and a half moon pattern on the side. On both sides, it is engraved with the couplet "since the universe, how many cloth clothes can make the mountains and rivers colorful? What's wrong with the humble room?" which evolved from Liu Yuxi's "this is the humble room, only my Dexin" and "zhugelu in Nanyang, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishu, Confucius said: what is the humble room.".

Dear tourists, now we come to Ningyuan building, also known as Qingfeng building. Sitting at the end of the central axis, it is the highest building of the whole temple. It is said that it is the former site of Zhuge Liang's study when he lived in seclusion in Nanyang. The name of the building comes from "quiet Zhiyuan". The plaque of "eternal cloud" originated from Du Fu's poem "Ode to historic sites": "the great name of Zhuge falls down to the universe, the portraits of Zong Chen are lofty, the three separate regimes are fiber planning, and the eternal cloud has a feather." On the doorpost hung a famous couplet written by Zhao fan, the salt tea envoy of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu: "if you can attack the heart, the opposite will disappear. Since ancient times, you know that soldiers are not belligerent. If you don't judge the situation, you will be lenient and strict. You have to think deeply about how to govern Sichuan."

When Zhuge Liang was in the southern expedition, Ma Shi once suggested that "attack the heart first, attack the city first, fight the heart first, and fight the Army second". Zhuge Liang adopted this suggestion, and captured and released Meng Huo seven times, which had a soothing effect. Leniency and strictness are the focus of Zhuge Liang's Dafa Zhengshu. After Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei to establish his political power in Shu, he carried out severe rule of law and carried out various reforms in accordance with the situation of "Liu Zhang was weak in the dark, and the punishment was not severe" and "the local people of Shu were in a state of dictatorship". At that time, the prefect of Sichuan thought Zhuge Liang's "criminal law was severe" and suggested Zhuge Liang's "punishment should be relaxed" according to Liu Bang's lenient punishment when he entered Sichuan. Zhuge Liang analyzed the history and wrote the book of reply to the law according to the situation. He pointed out that according to the actual situation, we can't copy the lenient punishment of the people of Sichuan, and advocated that the rule of law should be strictly implemented according to the situation of Yizhou at that time. Lianwen spoke highly of Zhuge Liang and emphasized the importance of judging the situation. This couplet is thought-provoking and full of profound and vivid dialectic thoughts of unity of opposites, such as positive and negative, leniency and strictness, harmony and war, cultural administration and martial arts. Therefore, Mao Zedong highly praised this couplet and praised it as a thought-provoking "administrative chapter" and "public security policy".

Now, let's take a look at Sangu temple. The couplet of "two watches reward three looks, a pair of feet for thousands of years" is hung on the gate post of Sangu temple. In the temple, the cypress stands upright, the grass is as green as fungus, the courtyard is vast and deep, and the surrounding walls are covered with inscriptions, which is known as "stele wall". In the hall, there are gold statues of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu has red face and Phoenix eyes. He has beautiful beard and chest. He is calm and relaxed. He is majestic. Zhang Fei's face is dark. He has leopard head and eyes. He has swallow jaw and tiger beard. He is impatient. When it comes to Zhang Fei, he is not a politician. He is not as far sighted as Liu Bei. He does not see the value of Zhuge Liang. When he looked at the hut, he didn't see Kong Ming. He said, "since I didn't see him, I will go back." He didn't complain. His performance was fair and reasonable. When Liu Bei was ready for the second visit, Zhang Fei said, "measure a villager. Why should my elder brother go by himself? He can be called here." Liu Bei's criticism

南阳武侯祠英语导游词5

China has a recorded history of some 3，600 years， beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th——12th century BC)。The first stage is the primitive society。 The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC)。 The second major periob lasted from about 2，000 to 200 BC。 The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty， which constituted the first Chinese state。 The third stage extended all the way from 221BC， when Qin Shihuang united China， to the Opium War of 1840。 Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule。 The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period， and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618)， Western Jin(265——316)via Eastern Jin(317——439) and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589)。

The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period。 At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25——220) a gtrat peasant revolt happened。 Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion。 During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords。 Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei， Shu and Wu。 The populous episodic novel，The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time。 The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy。 Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang。 He was in actual control of only the North China homeland。 Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere。 The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley， The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu。 Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China。

Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu。 It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang， Prime Minister of the kingdom。 Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death。 It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment。 However， Du Fu， a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:"Where would I find the Prime Minister's shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan， in a dense cypress glade。"

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty。 During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu， At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one。 Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos。 The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672。 The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board。 It says， "Han Zhaolie Temple"。Han refers to the kingdom of Shui; zhaolie was Liu Bei's posthumous title。 The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei。 But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliang's invaluable historical contribution， and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom。 In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperor's dignity and the temple's original name。 Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice。

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