八年级英语下册第四单元知识点
八年级英语下册第四单元知识点
英语是世界第一大语言，学好英语对以后工作、生活都很重要。下面由学习啦小编为你提供的八年级英语下册四单元知识点，希望能帮到你。
八年级英语下册第四单元知识点：重要词汇和句型
1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。
( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
(2) 向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ?
I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .
She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university .
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,
修饰后面的名词child .
数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典
5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与
动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb.
He is too young to join the army ( 军队) .
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意义的never \ not 和too … to… 连用时表达肯定一样.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换.
与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词,
副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 )
How much did it cost ?
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
(2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs不惜任何代价; at the cost
of 以 …… 为代价.
Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别
pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .
cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花费某人多少时间做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ?
花费某人多少时间做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
It will take them 6 months to build the building .
How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .
He slept for 12 hours yesterday .
sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .
sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .
asleep 睡着了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .
Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .
fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .
He listened to music and fell asleep .
be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 .
He was asleep for three hours .
9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
can’t Choose but 只得……
pick and choose 挑挑拣拣
There are many books to choose from .
We choose mike as our leader ( 领导 ).
Will you help me choose a dictionary ?
Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服从 ) .
It’s her habit (习惯 ) to pick and choose while shopping .
10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?
what can I get him for a birthday present ?
( 2 ) 目前, 现在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
You have to forget the past and start living in the present .
八年级英语下册第四单元知识点：
11. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
It’s not right to open other people’s letters .
Would you mind opening the window ?
The door opens to the south .
This factory opened in 1998.
( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的
In his dream the flowers are all open .
Most shops are closed but several are still open .
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .
close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
Please close the door to keep the cold out .
closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
when we got to the shop it was closed .
12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sb
Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .
John gave away his notebook to me .
其它短语 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 放出, 发出(气味)
give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物给某人
13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句
The color seems green rather than blue .
If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
We depend on you rather than on him .
You should help them rather than they should help you .
prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
Would rather do sth than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……
He would rather play than work .
I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) .
He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in \ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
( 2 ) 进入 ==come into \ go into
She entered\ came into the room with these words .
Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
17. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
They made no progress in the heavy snow .
18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句
she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
he suggested going home .
who suggested you staying here ?
I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
Do you take an interest in English ?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
He takes no interest in playing basketball .
be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming .
She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .
20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
提到了三种提高英语的好方法.
of improving English是介词短语作定语修饰ways . 它相当与 动词不定式.
Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .
Can you find a way to work out the problem ?
==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?
Fast is another way of saying quick .
== Fast is another way to say quick .
Mention (1) 动词, “ 提到, 提及, 说起 ”
as mentioned above 如上所述
He often mentioned his past to me .
Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .
Did she mention where she was going ?
You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .
As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .
( 2 ) 名词, “ 提及, 说起 ”
The newspaper made no mention of him .
21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us ?
I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
八年级英语下册第四单元知识点：形容词、 副词
一、形容词
(一)形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。
(二)形容词的用法及位置：
1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。
The nice girl is my sister .
I have something important to tell you .
2. 少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。
3.作表语，放在系动词之后。 He looks happy .
4. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make , leave , keep 等动词连用。
You must keep your eyes closed .
Don’t make your hands dirty .
5. 某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good , bad , rich , poor ,
young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。
The young should be polite to the old .
Please don’t laugh at the poor .
6. 某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式(to + 动词原形)：
glad , happy , pleased
be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .
ready , afraid , able
easy , difficult
(三) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：
1.规则变化
(1)一般情况，直接在词尾加er \ est 。
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时， 加 r \ st 。
(3)以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾时， 把y变为 i ，再加er \ est 。
( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \ est 。
big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
(5) 部分形容词， 在前面加 more \ most 。
beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous
(6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \ most 。
friendly(友好的) , lonely(孤独的) , lovely(可爱的)
Likely(有希望的) , daily (日常的), lively (有生气的)
2. 不规则变化
good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most
bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least
far ---farther (较远的) \ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \ furthest (最大程度的)
old ---older(年纪较大的) \ elder(年纪最大的)---oldest(较年长的)\ eldest (最年长的)
(四) 形容词原级的用法：
1.说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。
The flowers in the garden are beautiful .
2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too, enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。
The boy is too young .
3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。
肯定句：A + 动词 + as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。
English is as interesting as Chinese .
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
否定句：A + 动词 + not as \ so+ 形容词原形 + as + B 。
This book is not as \ so new as that one .
I am not so careful as Lucy .
否定句的结构相当于 A + 动词 + less + 形容词原形 + than + B 。
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
4. 表示“A 是B 的几倍”： A +动词+ 倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as + B 。
Our school is three times as big as theirs .
This table is twice as long as that one .
5.“A + 动词 +Half + as + 形容词原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”
Her room is half as big as yours .
(五)、形容词比较级的用法：
1.表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A + 动词+ 形容词比较级 + than + B
Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
This mooncake is nice than that one .
2. 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,
Far , rather , any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .
3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、”：which \ who is +形容词比较级, A or B ?
Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?
Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?
4. 表示“几倍于、、、、、、”时， 用“A + 动词 + 倍数+比较级 + than + B ”
I am three years older than you .
5.表示“两者之间较、、、、、、的一个”，常用 “the +比较级”结构 。
Mary is the taller of the twins .
6. 表示“越来越、、、、、、”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级 +and + 比较级 ”，多音节
词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原形 ”
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”时，用“the +比较级 , the +比较级 ”
The harder he works , the richer he is .
The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .
(六)、形容词最高级的用法：
1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词
the , 句末常跟一个in \ of 短语来表示范围。
He is the strongest of the three boys .
Shanghai is the biggest city in china .
2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、、、、、、?”用句型：
Which \ who is + the + 最高级 , A , B , or C ?
Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?
3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 时，用句型：
主语 + is + one of the +形容词最高级 +名词复数 。
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .
4. 形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大 / 长 / 高 等”
Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .
5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用the 。
This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .
6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .
==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .
==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .
(七)、--ing 形容词与--ed 形容词：
--ing 形容词表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising(令人惊讶的) , exciting (令人兴奋的), interesting(有趣的) 等。--ed 形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容词 + 介词短语 。 如：surprised(感到惊讶的) , excited(感到兴奋的) ,
Interested(感到有趣的) 等。
We are all excited about the exciting news .
(八)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。
China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范围内)
China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范围内)
二、副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词
或整个句子。
( 一).副词的分类：
1.时间副词：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,
Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,
Yet , ever , never , seldom 。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。
2.地点副词：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away ,
In , back , off , up , anywhere 。
3.方式副词：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,
fast , again 。方式副词大多由“形容词 +y ”构成。
4.程度副词：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .
5. 疑问副词：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,
How far . 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。
6.关系副词：when , where , why , how 等。关系副词常用来引导从句。
(一)副词的用法：
1.作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。
Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .
Luckily , he was not badly hurt .
2. 作表语，表示方位上的变化： My father will be back in a week .
3. 作宾语补足语。 Let him in , please .
(三) 副词的位置：
1.一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，如果谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。
We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .
2. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
He is always late for school .
I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .
3. 某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。
Suddenly he had a good idea .
4. enough 修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面。
The boy is old enough to go to school .
He got up early enough to catch the train .
(四) 副词比较级、最高级的用法：
1.副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同。
2.表示“A不如B”时，使用：A + 助动词+ not + 动词原形 + as \ so + 副词原形+ as+ B .
还可使用：A + 动词+ less +副词原形 + than + B
Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .
==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .
3. 副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the 。
Lin Tao did best in English of all .
(五)易混词辨析：
1. hard , hardly
hard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。
hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。
As students , we should study hard .
I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?
2. too , also , either
too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾;also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词
之前;either用于否定句，常放在句尾。
You are a student . I am a student , too.
They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
5. too , enough , so
too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”
enough表示“足够”， “形容词 / 副词+ enough to…”表示“足够、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。
so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”
The man is too old to look after himself .
The boy runs fast enough to win the game .
The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .
6. already , yet
already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾。
I have already finished my homework .
== I have finished my homework already.
Have you finished your homework yet ?
I haven’t had lunch yet .