托福阅读：正确率优先，速度然后
有好多人在平时做托福题目的时候总是做了一套又一套，只见数量不见质量。这样持续下来，做了好多题，我们的分数依然没有提高，这是什么原因呢?下面我们来看看笔者对此种情况的分析。
托福阅读：正确率优先，速度然后
托福阅读有的时候真的是很恼人，不管我们怎么背单词，不管我们怎么做题，他的分数就是在那里像吃了秤砣一样，巍然不动，其实很多时候，不是我们不努力，而是我们做事的顺序做反了，有点欲速则不达的感觉。
其实当我们在准备托福的时候，很多考友只是很机械的，将新托福突破口TPO做了一遍又一遍，又一遍。但是托福考试与物理化学是不一样的，做物理化学题的时候，我们每做一道题，有可能就会掌握一种新的解题思路。但是托福是个英语考试，英语考试其实我们可以把它想象成一个饭盒，它需要掌握的知识是非常有限的，这些只是其实我们早就学过了，托福考试并没有考到什么新的知识，托福考试要求的，仅仅是要求我们将之前的知识熟练运用即可!
但是，各位考友需要注意的是，托福考试所需要的知识，其实应该是对于“单词、语法、逻辑”的“快速、准确、细致”的理解，托福阅读的核心其实就是这些，也就这么简单!但是问题是不管你做多少遍题，本身都是不可能去帮助你掌握“单词、语法、逻辑”的，因为做题做一遍就是过了，里面的单词我们是没有背下来的，里面考到了什么语法呢?让我们说，我们也真的说不出来?同样的，与语法相关的逻辑我们也没有得到任何的提高。因为我们看到的都是一句一句单独的句子，这些句子是已经将“单词、语法、逻辑”整合起来了。我们做题看到的一个一个的句子，这就好比是我们看到的马路上的一台一台的汽车，托福考试考的核心是这些汽车里面的零部件的工作原理，可是如果我们只坐在路边看汽车的话，是根本看不到这些汽车里面的工作原理的。我们做多少遍题，我们就看了多少遍汽车在我们的面前飞驰而过，但是仍然是不可能知道这些车里面的工作原理的。
请注意，这里并不是说不可以做题，我们是可以做题的。但是我们并不应该仅仅是去掐时间20分钟做完题这么简单。
其实当我们在前期做题的时候，应该是不限时做题的，我们应该把做题的时间拉长，换句话说，就是我们就会有充分的时间，去研究里面每一个单词，每一个语法点的逻辑，以及弄懂每一句话是什么意思，当然还包括弄懂前后文的逻辑发展，这都是很重要的。这就好像把我们自己想象为《黑客帝国》里面的基努里维斯的非常经典的子弹时间一样，我们把时间都停下来，就像基努里维斯仔细观察那个子弹一样，仔细的观察每一个句子，只有把里面的单词和里面的语法和逻辑关系都搞定了，我们才有成绩提升的可能。当然，这是指在一开始做题的时候，我们要这么做。
做完题之后，也不是把题一下就扔在一边，我们还应该，去反思里面的错题，因为我们都已经不限时做题了，那么我们为什么还会做错题呢?原因很简单!就是因为我们掌握的知识里面是有错误的地方，或者我们有的知识根本学的不扎实!因此我们就要把那些题目做对了，但是我们不知道为什么，以及做错了的题弄清楚，我们为什么错了，到底是有什么知识点我们不清楚?!自己弄不懂就去求教高手，只有这样我们才能一点一点提升我们的分数。
托福阅读真题1
In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size, and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and well past mid-century.
John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a larger scale, with greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance.
About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with fruit and champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail, compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings — butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam Peale
(B) How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth century
(C) Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the United States
(D) How botanical art inspired the first still-life paintings
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of the still lifes of James and Sarah
Miriam Peale?
(A) simplicity
(B) symbolism
(C) smooth texture
(D) social commentary
3. The word biting in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) simple
(B) sorrowful
(C) frequent
(D) sharp
4. The word It in line 13 refers to
(A) Luncheon Still Life
(B) one of the Peales' pieces
(C) a larger scale
(D) the number of objects
5. The word heightened in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) complicated
(B) directed
(C) observed
(D) increased
6. The word meticulous in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) careful
(B) significant
(C) appropriate
(D) believable
7. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) repertoire (line 5)
(B) satire (line 8)
(C) additive (line 17)
(D) rendering (line 23)
8. All of the following are mentioned as characteristics of Roesen's still lifes EXCEPT that they
(A) are symbolic
(B) use simplified representations of flowers and fruit
(C) include brilliant colors
(D) are large in size
9. Which of the following is mentioned as the dominant theme in Roesen's painting?
(A) Fertility
(B) Freedom
(C) Impermanence
(D) Abundance
PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD
托福阅读真题2
Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans — the plankton. The term plankton is a broad one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era, during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton that precipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica and calcium carbonate.
This development radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's long history, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventually harden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantities of such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter part of the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time.
The high biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to ideal conditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earth's single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil fields are found in those sediments — in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period
(B) How petroleum was formed in the Mesozoic era
(C) The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era
(D) The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton
2. The passage indicates that the Cretaceous period occurred
(A) in the early part of the Mesozoic era
(B) in the middle part of the Mesozoic era
(C) in the later part of the Mesozoic era
(D) after the Mesozoic era
3. The passage mentions all of the following aspects of plankton EXCEPT
(A) the length of their lives
(B) the level of the ocean at which they are found
(C) their movement
(D) their size
4. The word accumulated in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) depended
(B) matured
(C) dissolved
(D) collected
5. According to the passage , the most dramatic change to the oceans caused by plankton during
the Cretaceous period concerned
(A) the depth of the water
(B) the makeup of the sediment on the ocean floor
(C) the decrease in petroleum-producing sediment
(D) a decline in the quantity of calcareous ooze on the seafloor
6. The white chalk cliffs of Dover are mentioned in line 14 of the passage to
(A) show where the plankton sediment first began to build up
(B) provide an example of a plankton buildup that scientists cannot explain
(C) provide an example of the buildup of plankton sediment
(D) indicate the largest single plankton buildup on Earth
7. The word prolific in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) fruitful
(B) distinct
(C) determined
(D) energetic
8. The word ideal in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) common
(B) clear
(C) perfect
(D) immediate
9. The word it in line 22 refers to
(A) biological productivity
(B) oil
(C) organic material
(D) petroleum
PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC
托福阅读真题3
The term art deco has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920's and 1930's. The first was what is frequently referred to as zigzag moderne — the exotically ornamental style of such skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building in New York City and related structures such as the Paramount Theater in Oakland, California. The word zigzag alludes to the geometric and stylized ornamentation of zigzags, angular patterns, abstracted plant and animal motifs, sunbursts, astrological imagery, formalized fountains, and related themes that were applied in mosaic relief, and mural form to the exterior and interior of the buildings. Many of these buildings were shaped in the ziggurat form, a design resembling an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes in progressively smaller stages to the summit, creating a staircase-like effect. The second manifestation of art deco was the 1930's streamlined moderne style — a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as speed stripes. In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.
The third style, referred to as either international stripped classicism, or simply classical moderne, also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe economic difficult in the 1930's. This was a more conservative style, blending a simplified modernistic style with a more austere form of geometric and stylized relief sculpture and other ornament, including interior murals. Many buildings in this style were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression.
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. For example, like art nouveau (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as flowing, asymmetrical foliage, like the Viennese craftspeople of the Wiener Werkstatte, art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United States, art deco practitioners considered it their mission to transform the domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories.
1. What aspect of art deco does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories
(B) Ways in which government programs encouraged the development of art deco
(C) Architectural manifestations of art deco during the 1920's and 1930's
(D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California
2. The word encompass in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) include
(C) replace
(D) enhance
3. The phrase The first in line 2 refers to
(A) the term art deco
(B) design trends
(C) the 1920's and 1930's
(D) skyscrapers
4. In line 9, the author mentions an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower in order to
(A) describe the exterior shape of certain art deco buildings
(B) explain the differences between ancient and modern architectural steles
(C) emphasize the extent of architectural advances
(D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design
5. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
(A) animal motifs
(B) flat roofs
(C) round windows
(D) speed stripes
6. The phrase came to the forefront in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) grew in complexity
(B) went through a process
(C) changed its approach
(D) became important
7. According to the passage , which of the following statements most accurately describes the
relationship between art deco and art nouveau?
(A) They were art forms that competed with each other for government support during the
Depression era.
(B) They were essentially the same art form.
(C) Art nouveau preceded art deco and influenced it.
(D) Art deco became important in the United States while art nouveau became popular in
England.
8. According to the passage , a building having an especially ornate appearance would most
probably have been designed in the style of
(A) zigzag moderne
(B) streamlined moderne
(C) classical moderne
(D) the Arts and Crafts Movement
9. According to the passage , which of the following design trends is known by more than one
name?
(A) Zigzag moderne
(B) Streamlined moderne
(C) International stripped classicism
(D) Arts and Crafts Movement
10. The passage is primarily developed as
(A) the historical chronology of a movement
(B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty
(C) an analysis of various trends within an artistic movement
(D) an argument of the advantages of one artistic form over another
PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC
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托福阅读：正确率优先，速度然后
