新GRE写作5.5技巧和思路
许多同学想要提高自己的写作水平，但是却始终不得法，原因很简单，就是懒。因为唯一真正有用的方法就是写。但是光写不知道方法就是傻写，这样是浪费时间不可取的!所以大家要有的放矢的写，不要盲目，不要做无用功!之前给大家讲了很多关于写作评分标准的细节问题，给了大家很多的实际的指导意见和参考资料，也提到了具体的写作必须掌握的四大类层面问题，这里要给大家一些实用的小技巧。
新GRE写作5.5技巧和思路
如果有同学可能会觉得自己对于我之前讲到的这些问题很没有概念，那么说明你对于写作还很生疏，在进入到评分阶段之前，你还需要好好练习，先把基本功练好，在开始学花式打发。而且，建议大家就从今天开始，不要把什么都拖到以后，不要等到最后的时间在开始练作文。
举个现实生活中的例子。在工作中，很多人被解雇被fire掉并不惊讶，并不突然。他们知道自己平时是偷懒了，他们也知道自己哪里做的不对。说白了一句话，他们早就知道自己早晚会被开除。所以我也希望大家在写完作文以后能够做到这样，读一遍自己的文章，然后就能看出哪里有问题，或者一切都很好。
我希望我之前介绍的这个essay rubic可以帮到大家，真正的能够给你的写作提供一点帮助。这样你就能真正的了解自己到底哪里需要提高，到底该如何提升自己的写作?哪里是欠缺的，哪里又是自己的长处和优点需要保持。
note：这套essay rubic的标准适用于GRE和GMAT，所以如果大家没有想好自己要考什么，GRE or GMAT，也没有关系，都可以参考哦!因为两个考试在作文方面的评分标准是类似的。
GRE写作必备句式的积累
1、否定句
使用否定的时候，比如：什么什么对个人不好，对社会也不好。为什么不来个倒装?
Never/neither/nor/seldom /rarely/on no account + is…
2、虚拟倒装
当你想表达“如果怎么怎么样，就是另外一种情况”—虚拟语气。为什么不来个虚拟倒装?
Were(Had) it…，something would......
3、强调句的使用
It is people who…/ it is something that…
4、让步句式的使用
“无论什么样的情况下”：However/No matter how/ whatever/no matter what …
还有一种：
Cogent as this response is, it has some minor errors. Somewhat reasonable as the issue presents, it does not experience a case-by- case examination.
还有比较常用的：
although... It should be admittedly that…，however it does not follow that
5、疑问句
用于开头，来个设问句，在自问自答，提出自己观点;用于段中，比如举设想的例子：
Can you imagine that…?/ How can one imagine…?
6、定语从句
这个大家一般用的比较熟练，但是注意不要太罗嗦：
…society where(in which)…，/ something on which we depend (on which…based)
7、The more…the more…句式的使用
人们越幸福，社会越稳定啦 等等。
8、Not only…but also的使用
很好用的，ETS经典的6分范文：专才VS通才不就用了两个嘛?
9、without的使用
从反面说，很是能够增加字数。还是那篇范文的结尾，就来了两个非常妙的without。
10、还有一些比较常用的句式
There is no denying that…/ there is no doubt that…
11、还有一个句子
So powerful the scandal is that Watergate became the talk of the world.
如此..以至于..
GRE写作如何真正的提高水平
1. 大量阅读
A. 读文章
GRE写作范文，是最好的备考素材，同时GRE阅读部分的文章也是我们有针对性地阅读的一个素材库，要扎扎实实地提高英语写作水平，就必须要以扎扎实实的阅读量为前提之一，必须体会地道的、漂亮的语言是怎么写出来的，通过对范文的语言内容和逻辑的理解来学习写作中词汇的使用、句型的使用。
在阅读中，你有机会把语言与语言所包含的内容、思维方式联系起来。范文中的一个词或者词组、句式，由于处在具体的语言环境中，你就能体会到它的确切内涵和外延，以及用法，通过不断的积累这些好词好句的用法，你的写作用词和炼句的能力就稳步的提高。
因此，对于考生来说，不要死记范文，应该怎么利用范文呢?从宏观角度说：要从范文中提炼文章的结构和逻辑层级，也就是论证体系。从微观角度说，要从范文中提炼语言点(词、短语、句式)。
B. 储备GRE写作必须的知识量
GRE写作之所以有其独特的魅力，是因为他所考的题目特点涉及大量的哲学观点、宗教、政治、艺术、社会问题、历史现象，而且要求考生要有理有据的进行insightful分析和论证，如何做到insightful, 你就必须对一些哲学观点有所了解，多读历史、哲学、政治等相关书籍，这样你自然能够分析地透彻、论证地很有说服力，同时对相关话题在知识储备上有所铺垫，否则将无从说起，无话可说。
例如GRE的Issue部分有这样一道真题："Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are." 典礼和仪式有助于确立一种文化，否则人们的社会或群体的角色归属感削弱。怎么去理解ritual, 西方社会都有哪些对人影响和大的rituals，rituals和归属感为什么有联系，如何联系在一起的，这个话题如果不对宗教有所了解，肯定感觉无从下手。
其次，GRE写作，有其是Issue写作对于论据的要求是非常高的，因此你的名人事例的储备，相关知识量的积累是非常重要的，历史长河中的大量的事例是你最有说服力的例证，这一环节也正是GRE考生最为头疼的一部分，举不出支持自己的观点的例子，因此让自己的文章显得只有苍白的论证，缺乏说服力。
因此要多读历史，积累例子，有其关注那些重要的哲学家、科学家、艺术家、政治领袖、商业领袖他们的生平事迹、主要贡献。例如Issue里的这样一道真题："Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."真正影响深远的思想家和具有高度创造力的艺术家们总是与他们的时代和社会步伐不一致。这个题目你如果没有必备的那些思想家和艺术家的例子，文章必然缺乏说服力。
因此读历史积累写作素材，具体说就是论据素材是拿GRE作文高分的一个重要环节。
2. 研习题库、写提纲、练习
Argument部分，首先要熟悉每一个题目，因为题目就是从这题库中抽取，对于每一个题目找出主要的逻辑错误，也就是Argument题目的提纲，同时每一个逻辑错误准备一套语言套路去说，本书的Argument部分对每个逻辑错误都给出了详细的解析，同时提供了详细的攻击框架和漂亮的论证语言。写完每一个题目的提纲后，写10-15篇完整的文章(语言能力弱的话，可以增加写作量)，找partner帮你改，知道错误以后重写。
Issue部分，写提纲对于这一部分的备考是至关重要的，也是最占用时间、最核心的一个环节，每一个题目的提纲力求详细，不用去写开头段和结尾段，就写正文各段你的各个分支观点，也就是正文部分的论证过程，除了论证以外，写完后想想可以用些什么论据，把支持论证的论据也写上。
GRE写作练习：教育的目的
教育的三大目的
Fundamental purposes that have been proposed for education include:
The enterprise of civil society depends on educating young people to become responsible, thoughtful and enterprising citizens. This is an intricate, challenging task requiring deep understanding of ethical principles, moral values, political theory, aesthetics, and economics, not to mention an understanding of who children are, in themselves and in society.
Progress in every practical field depends on having capacities that schooling can educate. Education is thus a means to foster the individual?s, society?s, and even humanity?s future development and prosperity. Emphasis is often put on economic success in this regard.
One?s individual development and the capacity to fulfill one?s own purposes can depend on an adequate preparation in childhood. Education can thus attempt to give a firm foundation for the achievement of personal fulfillment. The better the foundation is built, the more successful the child will be. Simple basics in education can carry a child far.
教育面临的问题：
知识快速更新、 全民教育的普及、 个性化教育的实施困难
We increasingly see education as a critical component of democratic society. For intelligent decisions in democratic society, we need an educated population. Furthermore, we increasingly see the need for lifelong education. Society changes faster, so what is learned when we are young is fast outdated. So this need for universal education further complicatesthe problems created by growing populations, by increasing the numbers we must consider.
One aspect of education that must be considered is that all students are different, with different backgrounds, knowledge, interests and learning styles. Each student should be treated individually. But our current modes of learning provide little individualization. Every student tends to be provided with the same learning experiences focused around a white Anglo-Saxon curriculum. This cookie-cutter approach to learning works for a few students, but many do not learn, or learn only partially. Our classes are already too large to provide individualized learning.
正规教育体系的两大基本假设
Two fundamental assumptions that underlie formal education systems are that students (a) retain knowledge and skills they acquire at school, and (b) can apply them in situations outside the classroom. But are these assumptions accurate? Research has found that, even when students report not using the knowledge acquired at school, a considerable portion is retained for many years and long term retention is strongly dependent on the initial level of mastery. One study found that university students who took a child development course and attained high grades showed, when tested 10 years later, average retention scores of about 30%, whereas those who obtained moderate or lower grades showed average retention scores of about 20%. There is much less consensus on the crucial question of how much knowledge acquired in school transfers to tasks encountered outside formal educational settings, and how such transfer occurs. Some psychologists claim that research evidence for this type of far transfer is scarce, while others claim there is abundant evidence of far transfer in specific domains.
情商的定义及其四大内涵
Emotional intelligence defines EQ, which stands for emotional quotient, is a fairly new concept in the scientific community, yet it has become one of the most controversial topics. For thousands of years, people have thought that IQ is destiny, but it has turned out to be not nearly as much as we thought. Daniel Goleman, a psychology professor at Harvard, wrote a ground-breaking book about the EQ factor. His book argues that our view of human intelligence is far too narrow, ignoring a crucial range of abilities that matter immensely in terms of how well we do in life. To be emotionally intelligent relies on many factors, which include knowing one?s feelings and using them to make life decisions they can live with.
1. Being able to manage one?s emotional life without being hijacked by it—not being paralyzed by depression or worry, or swept away by anger.
2. Persisting in the face of setbacks and channeling one?s impulses in order to pursue their goals.
3. Empathy—reading other people?s emotions without their having to tell you what they are feeling.
4. Handling feelings in relationships with skill and harmony—being able to articulate the unspoken pulse of a group, for example.
自尊与情商
Self-esteem, like optimism, is essential in order to maintain a healthy emotional life. People who have confidence in themselves, their ideas and views, and what they are all about tend to be more emotionally stable than people who lack self-confidence. Being self-confident gives people the impression that you are reliable and trustworthy. Studies have showed that children who lack self-esteem are more likely to have emotional problems such as depression, violent fits and suicidal tendencies. People who have high self-esteem are less likely to be affected by any negative comments; they know that it?s what they think of themselves that counts.
Teaching a child to have self-esteem is very important. Children?s expectations about their abilities begin at home. If parents show confidence in children?s behaviors and judgments, children are more likely to set a higher standard for themselves, in their social and personal life. Developing a child?s self-esteem through constant praise and reinforcement, as advocated for many years, may actually do more harm than good. Helping a child feel good about themselves works only if those feelings are attached to specific accomplishments.
情商与成功
The excitement over the concept of emotional intelligence begins with its applications for raising and educating children, but extends to its importance in the work place and virtually all human relationships. Studies show that the same EQ skills that result in your child being perceived as an enthusiastic learner by his/her teacher, or being liked by his/her friends on the playground, will also help him/her twenty years from now in his/her job or marriage. In many studies, adults do not appear to be that different from the children they once were. The extent to which EQ skills can affect the workplace is still surprising. A study found out why scientists were performing poorly at their jobs in spite of intellectual and academic intelligence equal to their high-achieving colleagues. The researchers studied the E-mail patterns of all the scientists and found that the employees who were disliked because of poor emotional and social skills were being left out by their colleagues, much the same way as the nerd was left out of games on the playground. EQ is as important as IQ when it comes to success.
网络审查的必要性
The Internet offers a huge wealth of information both good and bad. Unfortunately, the very nature of the Internet makes policing this new domain practically impossible. The Internet began as a small university network in the United States and has blossomed into a vast telecommunications network spanning the globe. Today the Internet is ruled by no governing body and it is an open society for ideas to be developed and shared in. Unfortunately every society has its seedy underside and the Internet is no exception.
11 信息时代带来的变化
In the Information Age, it?s easy to forget that just 10 years ago, the Information Age was stuck on its launching pad. The Internet was unknown to nearly everyone except university researchers; TV was still patting itself on the back over cable success; films were searching for the next big thing; music was sold at record stores. Now, television and computers are colliding and millions of channels are on the horizon; films are bigger, clearer and cheaper to make; and music, more than any other industry, is using the Internet to market itself. HDTV will soon be rolling into homes, delivering a wider screen and digital picture. Television is on the brink of major changes that may forever alter the way we live. It should all happen with the inevitable switch from analog to digital technology. The world of television and entertainment is poised for explosion, and that explosion comes about because television becomes digital. It?s one of the premiere technology think tanks in the world.
17 技术对社会和环境的影响
Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today?s global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms
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新GRE写作5.5技巧和思路
