实例解析托福阅读选非题

时间：2020-07-07 10:28:55 楚薇0由分享

简言之，选非题要求考生选一个不符合题干要求的选项。注意看清楚，是“不符合”的选项!对于这种题型，解题步骤其实很简单：鉴别题型，寻找核心词，确定出题区间，排除符合要求的选项。下面小编给大家带来实例解析托福阅读选非题，一起来看看吧!

实例解析托福阅读选非题

在托福阅读考试中有一类题型让考生欲罢不能，生无可恋，它难度不高却放倒了众多考生，大名“Negative Factual Information Questions，否定事实信息题”小名“选非题”。选非题很好辨认，典型问法是：Accordingto the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?根据文章所言，以下关于X的选项哪一项不是真实的?Theauthor’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT?作者在描述X的时候没有提到以下哪一点?简言之，本题要求考生选一个不符合题干要求的选项。注意看清楚，是“不符合”的选项!

对于这种题型，解题步骤如下：

1. 鉴别题型：大写单词EXCEPT / NOT

2. 审题：寻找题干核心词

3. 定位：确定出题区间，找到列举信息

4. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三个选项

下面我们借官方真题Official例题来看看选非题的解题过程。

官方真题Official34-3 Protection of Plants by Insects

【Paragraph 5】Extrafloralnectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than aquarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars,and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied byants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet.Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they laytheir eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

12. According to paragraph 5, antsdefend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following waysEXCEPT

A. driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet

B. catching and eating adult beetles

C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits

D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits

EXCEPT选非过程：

1. 审题：找到题干核心词seed beetles

2. 定位：确定出题区间，找到列举信息

Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drivethem away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三个选项，注意选项的同义改写

B. catching and eating adult beetles抓捕和吃掉成年甲壳虫

= the ants prey onthe adult beetles 蚂蚁捕食成年甲壳虫

C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits吃掉在水果上的甲壳虫卵

= eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay 蚂蚁吃掉甲壳虫成功产下的卵

D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits使甲壳虫很难再发育的水果上产卵

= disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits 蚂蚁干扰正在水果上产卵的雌性甲壳虫

有同学说，A选项nipping at their feet(夹它们的脚)也对应了原文they drive them away by nipping at their feet，那我们来看看nipping at their feet这句话原句具体信息：Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers,they drive them away by nipping at their feet.尽管蚂蚁还不足以大到能够杀死或严重伤害蚂蚱，但是蚂蚁可以通过夹它们的脚赶走蚂蚱。

所以，本题最后的答案是：A

TIPS:

1. 符合题干要求的三个选项一般以列举形式出现，比如a, b, and c;或者first，second 、moreover / furthermore, third / final等。

2. 当四个选项都在原文当中出现时，必定有一个答非所问，请注意看清题干要求

官方真题Official20-1 Westward Migration

【Paragraph 2】Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes,material success, and better lives.

4. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT

A. the desire to move from one place to the next

B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status

C. the opportunity to change jobs

D. the need to escape religious or political crises

点评：

本题是一道非常经典的选非题，很多同学在做本题时都会很快的排除D选项，因为D：the need to escapereligious or political crises实在太容易在原文当中找到对应的句子：The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.所以，很多同学在排除D选项之后，好得意哟!

但，D选项就是咱们的正确答案!

What!!!

下面，我们来看一下解题过程。

EXCEPT 选非过程：

1. 审题：reasons, Americans migrated westward美国人向西部迁移原因

2. 定位：确定出题区间，找到列举信息

本段都在讲美国人向西迁移的原因，出题范围较大;但是，我们可以很快的找到表列举信息的信号词moreover，所以可以确定moreover的前后至少各有一个原因。

3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三个选项，注意选项的同义改写

A. the desire to move from one place to the next想要从一个地方搬迁到另一个地方

= Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place.许多经历了这次剧变的人，缺乏曾经将他们和他们的祖先束缚在一个地方的纽带。(也就是说人们不再只愿意住在a single place，而想要搬到不同的地方)

B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status希望改进社会经济地位

=believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position人们认为他们有责任改进他们的社会地位和经济地位

C. the opportunity to change jobs换工作的机会

=some people changed occupations easily人们可以很容易的换职业，occupation职业

D. the need to escape religious or political crises

本选项很容易找到原文信息：The European ancestors ofsome Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political, or economiccrisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.一些美国人的欧洲祖先，几个世纪以来扎根于相同的村庄或土地，直到宗教危机、政治危机和经济危机使他们连根拔起，迫使他们横跨大西洋。

但是，请注意本句话的主语：The European ancestors of some Americans，即一些美国人的欧洲祖先，与本题中的主语American不符。所以，本题答案是D选项。

托福阅读的做题原则

如果词汇基础很好(比如说背过gre),读起托福阅读文章是享受的话,就不需要技巧了,只管去做题了.如果没有很强的词汇基础,可以看看.

托福的阅读文章有五篇,共50道题,55分钟完成.题型共有如下几种,括号内是题目的数目:1.主题题(3--4) 2.细节题(18--22) 3.词汇题(16--17) 4.推断题(3--6) 5.指代归纳题(3--6) 7.结构题 8.态度题 9.答问题 10.图形题

阅读方法:1.全文通读(词汇基础厚,否则不用); 2.带着问题找出处(1’出题目有次序性;2’一道题的答案不与太多信息联系); 3.topic(主题句)+考点.

我重点推荐第三种方法.

ok,用第三种方法读阅读文章,有两点目的,第一读出文章大意,第二读出考点.读出各段主题句---topic,读出考点(了解出题原则).

十种重要的出题原则(__:

一.列举:

1.列举名词

a,b,c,and d (逗号离得近算) 插入语例外

a,b,c,and d 中谁特殊选谁

2.列举 sentence

1,2为集中式列举

3.分散列举

找出相关段落中有关内容

二. 举例子:

G.S(概述)---Example ,问why ......,mention .......,则答案在G.S中找,且illustrate,give example 作为答案居多,examplification 举例说明

两个或以上的例子,则找topic sentence

三.考数字:

1.数量级:

hundreds of thousands of 至少 200,000; dozens of 至少 24; scores of 至少 40......

2.年代:

following(+1), a couple(+2),...... +8

3.成串数字:

具体无用,只是说明大,广或者小,短,etc. 往往在下段的开头找答案(在一区间内) (95.8.6指95年8月的第六题)

四. 下定义:

1.定义内容的改写(95.8.1,95.8.25)

2.符合定义的例子(96.1.37,96.1.40) 根据定义判断例子是否符合

3.出现定义的行数:判断位置

下定义常见方式:1’A is B 2’A,B, 3’A--B-- 4’A, or B 5’A:B 6’A, that/whick (定从)

known as,name ,called,define

五.比喻:

black gold 石油 black diamond 煤

whales on beach 虎落平阳

out of place 错位 facelift 整容时拉平

refurbish 修葺 remodel 翻新

做题的时候读出比喻

六.对比:

A | match , parallel , rival | B

即指把A和B相比(三种比较),将B改一下即得Answer

as...as 形容词,副词的比较,最高级(一般考)

七.类比(天文学中出现较多):

可找具体文章练习

八.引用:

文中引用的部分,主要看出引用的话的趋势,进行判断.

九.TOPIC句:

每段开头的一,两句话

有关的题目:1’主题题 2’结论题 3’结构题 4’细节题

十.末句细节:

注意段末转折,及后文推断.

以上的十大出题原则,希望能够弄懂,在读文章的时候注意这些地方,这些就是考点,读出就可作对题目的.需要做一定数量的题目来熟悉这些考点.

具体的阅读方法:

先看一遍题目,弄清楚有些什么题目,然后读文章,找答案.

1.扫题(对文章预期):

扫有几道题---有几道有行数(词汇,指代,有行数的题目多简单)---大体,定性对文章分析.

2.做题次序:

主题题先空着,后做(需要对全文把握的题目:如结论,结构题同),在答题纸上打点,接着做后续的题目.

3.对于主题题:

联系各段主题句.

4.找出处:

a.界定法(上,下体界定中间题) 95%,如果两行太远则:

b.关键词法(找关键词:数字,大写字母,不易被换的名词和偏难的形容词.

a,b两法双管齐下(95.8.14)

c.出题原则.

b,c可避免题目次序的调整

5.难题&时间:

最多三分钟,开始遇到难题打点,选一个,最后再看.难题最多三,五个.第一遍追求准确率,检查最多二,三个(5分钟),在做完第三篇文章后看看时间."绝对难题"包括:很难的推断题,很难的词汇辨析题,首段

结论题.

各类题目解法:

1.主题题:

正面联系各段主题句总结,加上逆推从答案出发,假想自己怎么写(正常思维),排除体裁风格不同的选项;注意关键词(各段主题句均出现的词一定选).

2.细节题:

找(出处)---改(写)---选(答案)

注意本题行数可能稍在上题前;改写适当;选对>排除错的;不要乱想.

3.推断题:(包括後文推断)

找出处---推断(合理)---选答案

4.指代题:

找出处,译出指代内容(注意重心原则,接力棒现象)

5.词汇题:

背词,猜,辨析

6.结构题:

联系各段主题句,连接处(段间),连词

7.结论题:(包括末端结论和首段结论)

末段---首段---中间段主题句

如果首末段很长,则均只看主题句.

上面所说的技巧,需要结合真题练习,熟悉才好.如果到考试的时候技巧用的不熟,就不要用,以免弄巧成拙.

只要你的词汇基础比较好,能读懂文章的意思,那么做题肯定不成问题了.

ok,good luck,gters!

托福阅读高分策略三步走

第一步

托福阅读高分策略提醒大家要花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，答案是有的文章需要15 分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有两篇难度较大，比方说，如果最后一篇文章难度较大，且有12~14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好多道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难易程度，同时目测文章的含金量(既题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步

采取"结构扫描"法分配阅读具体一篇文章。所谓结构，既托福阅读文章的骨架。新托福阅读文章是纯学术体Acasemic,是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章受句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。

第三步

把首段的其他句子尽快略读，托福阅读文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子都彻底看个明白。有时候，段落中个别句子理解难度大，而不涉及练习题，在此句停留无疑是白百浪费时间。

托福阅读题都有哪些陷阱?

词汇类问题(Vocabulary Questions)是新托福阅读考试每次必练习题型，而且题量较多，每篇文章通常出现3-5题，它要求考生确定文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思(一个单词可能有多个意思，但在给定选项中只有一个选项与该单词在阅读文章中的意思相符)。这种题型总的来说还是比较简单的，但这种题型中的“陷阱”即“熟词僻义” 让考生们头痛不已。

所谓“熟词僻义”也就是词汇题中所考查的单词尽管考生比较熟悉，对其常用含义也了解，但恰恰题目中考查的是该单词在阅读文章中的意思，而该意思是考生所不熟的。而往往考生们受该单词常用含义的影响，导致选错答案。比如“calling”一词的常用含义为“呼喊、召唤”，而新托福阅读中则可能考到该词的“职业、天职”的含义。

欲应对此“陷阱”，建议考生们在备考中扩大自己词汇量的同时，掌握猜测单词意思的技巧(利用上下文、构词法等)，同时注意这种题型主要考查单词在文章里面的意思，建议考生们在选出答案后把答案放回原文进行检验。

有很多人仗着知道不少托福阅读技巧很轻松地就中招了，题干中的陷阱主要出现在否定排除题，即俗称的“三缺一”题型中，题目4个选项中有3个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。该题题干中要么会出现大写的“NOT”，要么会出现大写的“EXCEPT”，比如：

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

而考生们在做题过程中往往会遗忘掉题干中的“NOT”和“EXCEPT”，选出一个和文章内容相符的选项，最终在不知不觉中已经丢掉唾手可得的分数。

建议考生考试时一定要细心、镇静，尤其要特别注意这种题型中的“NOT”或“EXCEPT”，并且谨记：这种题目的答案要么是选项内容原文没提到，要么根据原文内容选项是错误的。

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