悄悄告诉你4个托福写作高分技巧

　　在托福考试过程中想拿到高分，那就一定要保证阅读和写作能拿到高分。那么托福作文要怎么才能拿高分?这是很多同学都困惑的一个问题。托福独立写作高分不是简单的背诵模板，模仿写作就能实现的。托福作文思路的顺畅、内容的逻辑性、语言的包装等等都是关乎托福作文成绩的因素。下面，我就为大家介绍4个能拿高分的托福写作技巧，希望能帮助大家进行托福作文备考。

　　悄悄告诉你4个托福写作高分技巧

　　一、简化内容，确保文章符合逻辑

　　内容简单化是考生在构思新托福作文时应遵循的原则，考生不论是在练习时还是在考场上都应当牢记这一点。ETS出托福作文试题时特别注意选择一些弹性不是很大的题目，因为托福考试作为一种语言测试方式，其重点在于测试考生英语语言水平，考生在构思时只要保证自己的内容符合逻辑，能够言之有理、言之成理、切题即可，然后把更多的注意力放在如何追求语言的得体性上。

　　在考场上，考生在构思内容上所花的时间不应超过5分钟，在认真读题并将其理解透彻以后，考生可以在试卷题目下方的空白处列一个简短的提纲，用中文即可，以此作为写作过程中内容的提示，在提笔开始写作的过程中就可将重点放在保证语言的流畅得体上，不会因为内容而中断思路。

　　二、结构模式化 ，强化写作练习

　　托福高分作文的第二大策略是结构模式化，这也是最核心的一条策略。通览以往的托福作文考题，细心的考生不难发现，托福作文考题不仅题目弹性很小，而且题型相结稳定，这就为考生在短期内提高作文分数创造了一个条件，使考生完全可以在考前针对考试中可能出现的题型按照固定的结构模式进行训练。新托福作文考题从语言形式上可大致分为三个类型，第一种为二选一，即题目给出两种观点，问考生倾向于哪一种观点，但近两年这类题目转向隐蔽化，考生要学会“拨云见日”，将隐蔽的题目转化成熟悉的题型。

　　三、包装语言，练习句法结构

　　做到内容简单化和结构模式化，考生就已经向托福高分作文的目标迈进了一大步，如果考生还能在语言的细节上下一些功夫，托福作文的分数就会更上一层楼，这也就是我们接下来要谈的第三大策略：语言要包装。托福高分作文明确要求句子要做到多样化，所以最好不要全盘使用简单句，这样会降低文章的层次、复杂句和简单句应在文章中交叉出现，而对一些描述性的例证以及临时想起的内容可以使用简单句。

　　在引用名人名言时考生也要特别注意：中国人习惯用别人说的话来证明自己的观点，而西方人引用名人名言通常都是为了进行批判性分析，这也是东西方文化上的一大差异，建议考生心意一不要使用名人名言，而应当用自己的逻辑去说服对方。在对所用表达法把握很大的情况下，考生不妨在作文中写一些地道的英语习语。

　　四、考前强化，重在看范文

　　建议考生托福作文的每个题型写两篇文章，对照范文找差距，不断修改，不断完善，这个过程不仅会帮助考生强化固定的结构模式，还可以使他们在语言方面做好准备。练习的要点是宜精不宜多，不要走入只写不改、以多求胜的误区。另外考生要多研究范文，而不是机械地背诵范文，研究范文要抓住文章的构思、结构、句式、词汇等方面;考生可以在范文旁边写下自己的评语：别人为什么这样写，这样写究竟高明在哪里，这个句式为什么要在这里用，可不可以移入自己的文章等等，从而把文章彻底理解并消化吸收。

　　上述就是关于托福写作高分的几个小技巧，每个技巧都需要不断地练习和思考才能达到一定的熟练程度，进而有一个质的飞跃。托福作文的提高不是一蹴而就的，各个方面都需要做一定的准备和一定时间的积累。

　　托福写作得分点--立论句到底如何写

　　例如在题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”，选择agree，三个主题句可以是：

　　The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability

　　Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.

　　A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.

　　在托福写作中，三个主题句可以说是作文中最重要的一组句子，因为主题句对段落起到“提纲挈领”的作用，同时对整篇文章的结构清晰度和文章逻辑性也至关重要。

　　如何将这个理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表达出来就是本文讨论的话题。

　　首先，每段主题句通常都位于段首，紧跟于“first, second, third”这些“信号词”之后。除此之外还需要注意以下几点。

　　丨简明扼要

　　主题句需要让读者看到之后能够快速、准确地把握本段的主要内容。这要求我们在写主题句的时候，一方面内容要简单，另一方面用语要凝练。

　　先来看一个反面例子：

　　“First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”

　　这个主题句涵盖的内容太多，读完这个句子，读者根本不明白本段是要陈述电视节目蓬勃发展(increasingly prosperous program), 要强调电视是最强力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),还是要论证电视不可被忽视(difficult to ignore)，这就是一个典型的内容太复杂的主题句。

　　再看一个反例:

　　“First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”

　　这个句子也有两个论点：表示尊重(show a sense of respect)，扩大社交(make more friends),同样也使读者不能抓住本段的主要内容。

　　如何避免这种错误，使主题句内容简单呢?很简单，首先做到每个主题句有且只有一个论点。论点就是指我们头脑风暴时候想到的那些“key words”，比如健康，安全，情感等等，每段写一个，不要把健康和安全放在同一个段落，也不要把情感和成功放在同一个段落。

　　例如上面第二个例子，我们只需要删去一个论点，就可以变得非常简洁：

　　“To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”这是一个简洁的主题句，只有扩大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)这一个论点。

　　论点唯一还不一定能完全做到简洁，来看另一个反例：

　　“The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”

　　这句话虽然只有一个论点，可是用语太繁杂，让人头晕。主题句的语法不建议太复杂，建议大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀，在主题句，只要写一些简单句，例如：“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。

　　丨不是陈述事实

　　来看下面两个句子：

　　A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”

　　B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”

　　哪一个是好的主题句呢?

　　答案是B。

　　因为A句的内容是一个“纯粹的事实”，而B句则是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact)，换言之，A句可以作为B句的例子，但B句不能作为A句的例子。

　　陈述事实的句子是不能作为主题句的，事实是不言自明的。不言自明，也就不需要后面的文字来“论证”了。主题句需要写“a sentence that you could give examples for”，而不能写一个 “example”。

　　来练习判断下面几组句子中哪一个可以做主题句呢?

　　A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”

　　B：“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”

　　A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”

　　B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”

　　A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”

　　B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture"

　　(答案：三组都是B句较好)

　　丨使用高级词汇

　　很多同学要问，如果主题句中不建议使用复杂句型，又不能出现多层结构，那如何显示自己的语言功力呢?要知道我们展示语言能力的地方并非只有复杂的句型，丰富和精准的词汇使用，同样可以展示英语的专业程度。比如

　　“First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”

　　→ “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”

　　想想看，如果原本句子中只会写“good”之处，替换为“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等词汇，效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出现“important”的地方，改写为“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital，a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”会不会增加可读性呢?

　　托福写作模板：年轻时去旅行是否更好

　　题目：

　　Do you think that it’s better to travel to different countries when you are young than when you are older?

　　范文1：Argument 1 (for)

　　It is better for people to travel to different countries when they are young than to wait until they are older. Younger travelers gain many useful experiences and skills. By waiting until they are adults, people lose out on many opportunities that could assist in situations throughout their lives.

　　Travel is an opportunity to supplement education about new places, cultures, people, and languages. A basic understanding of such things is taught in schools, but travel provides students with an opportunity to experience such things in person. Therefore, travel rounds out a classical education and solidifies what is learned. For example, a person may take several years of a foreign language such as German in school, but never have a chance to practice outside of the classroom. That person will invariably forget most of the language. However, if that person goes to Germany and talks with local people, he or she will remember the words better and develop a stronger understanding of the language and culture.

　　Not only does travel reinforce standard education, but it is also a chance to get a viewpoint that is not taught in formal academic settings. Going to new places opens doors for making friends and seeing life from a different angle. Such an expansion helps break down dangerous stereotypes and biases that lead to hatred, prejudice and war. It is important to have these experiences as early in life as possible to create a more just and equal society.

　　Finally, travel develops self-confidence. People learn to deal with situations outside their familiar rage. It is good for young people to gain the confidence that they can cope with new experiences on their own. Even simple activities like finding a meal or riding a bus can be extremely challenging when using a different language in a new place. Self-confidence is essential for decision making and problem solving, which are both necessary for work and social situations throughout life. Therefore, it is good for young people to travel so they are not afraid of dealing with new situations throughout their lives.

　　Travel reinforces a regular education and provides a perspective not found in classrooms. It also boosts self-confidence. Therefore, it is good for people to travel when they are young rather than just wait until they are older.

　　托福写作模板：如何提升演讲能力

　　题目：

　　After your presentation, which way would you choose to identify your weakness and improve your presentation?

　　1) reviewing the recording on your own;

　　2) inviting your colleagues or classmates to make suggestions for improvement.

　　范文1：For Choice 1

　　To improve my performance after giving a presentation, it is best to review a recording of it by myself. This process lets me observe all aspects of the presentation, evaluate changes at my own pace, and avoid being defensive.

　　First, a video recording gives significantly more information than just relying on comments made by colleagues or classmates. I can analyze and improve on even small points that others may not have noticed or found worth mentioning. For example, a couple years ago, I gave a presentation that I had extensively prepared for. It had strong organization and flow. Classmates raved about the content, but mentioned that I looked scared. I was confused, because I had felt confident. However, I noticed in the video later that I was continually fingering my notes. For my next presentation, I placed the notes within view but did not hold them, rendering my appearance more professional.

　　Another reason I prefer watching a recording is my pace of learning. I can focus on the points I want to redo, replaying the material as often as I want, confirming even tiny details. In fact, I can even take long breaks to think about what I see or to try out alternate delivery styles. I do not have to inconvenience my friends by asking them for feedback or taking up their time. If others are involved in the evaluation process, I feel much more rushed because I do not want to bother people who have agreed to help me.

　　Finally, reviewing a recording by myself eliminates a serious problem that hinders progress: my pride. I do not like to admit it, but I often get defensive about feedback and want to explain why certain things happened. I feel resentful about negative comments rather than see them as stepping stones towards improvement. It is a natural tendency, but it definitely hinders my ability to assimilate outside feedback. Furthermore, friends try to be polite, so they may not mention minorpoints that I might have improved because they don’t want to seem too critical. Emotions get in the way of a thorough critique.

　　To improve my future performance, I find it best to review videos of my presentations by myself. I can evaluate all aspects of the presentation, take as much time as I need, and avoid the inevitable problem of emotional involvement swaying the critique.

　　at my own pace 按照自己的步伐走

　　rave about the content 对内容赞不绝口

　　place the notes within view 把笔记放在眼前,把笔记放在视线范围内

　　inconvenience my friends 麻烦我的朋友

　　take up their time 占用他们的时间

　　see them as stepping stones towards improvement 把它们看作是迈向进步的垫脚石

　　get in the way 妨碍,阻碍

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