GRE阅读高频机经原文：寂静的春天

　　gre阅读是许多考生难以攻克的大山，下面先来看看GRE阅读高频机经原文：寂静的春天，一起来学习吧！

      GRE阅读高频机经原文：寂静的春天

　　寂静的春天

　　Fifty years ago, Rachel Carson wrote and published Silent Spring. Carson was ahead of her time. She said pesticides like DDT were damaging the environment and human health. Although the book became an inspiration for the environmental movement, the battle for the environment continues.

　　In the 1950s, the U.S. Department of Agriculture was spraying more than a quarter-million kilograms of pesticides each year. Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson, revealed that pesticides like DDT were lethal not only for insects but for all living things.

　　“Silent Spring essentially told the reading public that human beings could alter the natural world in ways that were quite deadly and that it could be potentially lethal to human beings as well as to other parts of the natural world,” said Linda Lear, the author of a biography on Carson.

　　More than six million copies of the book have been sold in the U.S. It's been translated into some 30 languages.

　　In the Washington suburbs, the house where Carson wrote Silent Spring is now a National Historic Landmark. Carson was a pathbreaker.“In Silent Spring, she is writing in a voice that I call apocalyptic writing," added Linda Lear. "She is trying to sound an alarm to get our attention.”

　　Thirty years after Silent Spring was published, public television, in its program The American Experience, called the book one of the most important of our time.

　　But there were dissenters. Norman Borlaug, the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner, led the defense of pesticides.“We’re having troubles now feeding this hungry world," said Borlaug. "If you remove DDT with the hysteria that is present in the USA, the U.S. will be importing food, only there won’t be any place from where to import it.” By 1972, DDT was banned for agricultural use in the U.S. But thousands of new chemicals were being developed. NFor years, the U.S. Senate's Committee on the Environment has been trying to ban or control hundreds of chemicals from agricultural products and consumer goods. "This committee heard from CDC [Centers for Disease Control] officials who told us their scientists found 212 industrial chemicals, including six carcinogens, coursing through Americans’ bodies," said Democratic Senator Frank Lautenberg. In 2006, the World Health Organization announced plans to use DDT again - indoors - in its campaign against malaria. Syngenta is a major producer of agricultural chemicals. Like others in the industry, it says its chemicals are safe if used properly. "We try to do every single study that is necessary to support the safety characteristics of the product." said Tim Pastoor, the company's principal scientist. Fifty years after Silent Spring, millions of kilograms of new pesticides and other chemicals are being sprayed across US farmlands. And the environmental movement is still fighting back.

　　GRE阅读如何提高文章的默读速度

　　想读得快，咱先得看看人是咋读书的。这叫追根溯源，由道及术，圣人之道也。人的读书过程是一个左右脑配合的过程——左脑负责集中注意把焦点放到一个或数个单词上，右脑负责周边注意(余光，当然叫旁光更亲切一些，尤其是军训时教官让我们集中注意向前看，并且用旁光与边上的同学对齐时)。好的阅读者会在读书时让左右脑充分协调配合(军训的教官真有先见之明让我们大一就开始练英文阅读了!)

　　读书时在脑子中有两种过程——默读(subvocalisation)和思维之流(stream of thoughts)。默读速度比较慢，在克服默读的过程中你要达到临在的状态——即充分的意识和放松，认识到自己那虚伪的自我感(这点东西可以算是心灵哲学的内容吧，如果有兴趣可以看看克里希那穆提的著作或俄克里特托利的《修炼当下的力量》，没有什么复杂的东西，关键说白了就是四个字：放松意识)。

　　读是一个学习的过程，是符号信息与读者内心感受的交互。它要求有适当的逻辑与积极的思考(要不然还怎么交互??)

　　大致分为以下几个步骤：

　　1、Recognition：文字识别

　　2、Assimilation：物理输入

　　3、Intra-integration：字面理解

　　4、Extra-integration：内涵理解

　　5、Retention：记忆

　　6、Recall：回忆

　　7、Communication：默读与一词一词地读的最大缺点有二，一是慢二是容易走神。克服默读之后，你的阅读能力理论上可以提高五倍，大多数人可以做到每分钟看1000个单词。

　　提高默读速度方法如下：

　　1、找一个没有思想深度，遣词造句比较简单的阅读材料，比如休闲杂志、消遣小说之类的(注：平时用TS法，当遇到无法理解的句子时大脑会自动调节为SB法，注意感受这一过程有助于提高阅读能力)

　　2、找一个没有人的屋子——绝对不能再自习室进行这一步，否则你真会被别人当成SB——然后大声数数，从一到十、再从一到十(书上说，断续发eee...eee...eee...的音也可以，真是不为SB誓不罢休)，在这个过程中试着阅读。大脑控制SB与控制喉咙是同一个分区，当你数数时就占用了这个分区，使大脑无法SB。

　　3、当你可以熟练地做2时，可以在心中默数，这时就可以回自习室而不必担心被看成SB了。

　　4、当可以做3时就努力提高阅读速度，当超过每分钟360个词时，由于速度过快就会进入一个抑制SB的良性循环。

　　5、针对高手，还可以加入除了TS之外的自己的思想补充文本内容使自己在阅读时身临其境。6、直到有一天，你发现自己已经可以明确区分SB与TS并自由选择。最后你的浏览速度可以达到2000词每分钟。

　　攻克GRE阅读之经典长难句练习1

　　1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted. (难度系数5)

　　译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

　　难句类型：倒装、省略

　　a 本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex　ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。

　　b 在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，　an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。

　　意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted.

　　攻克GRE阅读之经典长难句练习2

　　(This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower . (5++)复杂+倒装+省略;

　　(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。

　　解释：本句子的难度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极，可以确定地讲，类似此句子的难度的语言，在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣，可以把其废掉不读。

　　A、 这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。

　　B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。

　　C、 第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B，　则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire，what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。

　　D、 就算能够看懂这句话的结构，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望，新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动)，前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。

　　意群训练：(This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.

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