托业七大题型详解：Questions/Responses

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　　托业七大题型详解：Questions/Responses

　　Questions/Responses

　　Format

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　　This part of TOEIC consists of thirty items. Each item consists of a question on the audio program followed by three possible responses (answers) to the question, also on the audio program. Your job is to decide which of these three best answers the question. Between each item is a five-second pause. Part II problems do not involve any reading skills; therefore, this part is considered a "pure" test of listening skills. Your test book simply tells you to mark an answer for each problem.

　　Tactics

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　　1. There are no answer choices to consider before or while the item is being read. You should just concentrate on the question and the three responses on the audio program, and pay no attention to the test book.

　　2. Try to identify the type of question (information question, yes/no question, alternative question, and so on). The correct response, of course, often depends on the type of question being asked.

　　3. Try to eliminate distractors.

　　4. Don't mark an answer until you have heard all three responses. When you hear a response that you think is correct, rest your pencil on that oval on the answer sheet. If you change your mind and hear a response that you think is better, move your pencil to that choice. Once you have heard all three responses, mark the oval that your pencil is resting on. (This technique helps you remember which choice you think is best.)

　　5. If you hear all three responses and none of the three seems correct, take a guess and get ready for the next item.

　　6. There is very little time (only five seconds) between items in Part II. You need to decide on an answer and fill in the blank quickly to be ready for the next item.

　　_Testing Points and Skill-Building Exercises

　　A. Information Questions

　　B. Yes/No Questions

　　C. Other Types of Questions

　　D. Recognizing Sound/Meaning Distractors

　　E. Recognizing Other Types of Distractors

　　2020年托业考试阅读材料关键词及相关知识

　　Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants whose prey-trapping mechanism features a deep cavity filled with liquid known as a pitfall trap. It has been widely assumed that the various sorts of pitfall trap evolved from rolled leaves, with selection pressure favouring more deeply cupped leaves over evolutionary time. However, some pitcher plant genera (such as Nepenthes) are placed within clades consisting mostly of flypaper traps: this indicates that this view may be too simplistic, and some pitchers may have evolved from flypaper traps by loss of mucilage.

　　Whatever their evolutionary origins, foraging, flying or crawling insects such as flies are attracted to the cavity formed by the cupped leaf, often by visual lures such as anthocyanin pigments, and nectar bribes. The sides of the pitcher are slippery and may be grooved in such a way so as to ensure that the insects cannot climb out. The small bodies of liquid contained within the pitcher traps are called phytotelmata. They drown the insect, and the body of it is gradually dissolved. This may occur by bacterial action (the bacteria being washed into the pitcher by rainfall) or by enzymes secreted by the plant itself. Furthermore, some pitcher plants contain mutualistic insect larvae, which feed on trapped prey, and whose excreta the plant absorbs.[1] Whatever the mechanism of digestion, the prey items are converted into a solution of amino acids, peptides, phosphates, ammonium and urea, from which the plant obtains its mineral nutrition (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus). Like all carnivorous plants, they occur in locations where the soil is too poor in minerals and/or too acidic for most plants to be able to grow.

　　本篇关键词：

　　Pitcher plants

　　carnivorous plants

　　mucilage

　　cupped leaf

　　slippery

　　grooved

　　phytotelmata

　　amino acids

　　peptides

　　phosphates

　　ammonium and urea

　　nitrogen and phosphorus

　　中文相关知识：

　　吃动物的植物，全世界有500多种，其中,以猪笼草的捕虫器最精巧和复杂。猪笼草大多数生长在印度洋群岛、马达加斯加、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚等潮湿热带森林里，我国广东、云南等省也有这种植物。猪笼草吃虫，全靠它奇特的叶子。它的叶片中脉伸出去变成卷须，可以攀附着别的东西向上升。卷的顶部生出一个囊状物，好象奶瓶子一样，口上有一个盖，能开也能关。瓶口边缘向内卷，瓶内有半瓶子水液。瓶口内壁能分泌又甜又香的蜜汁，贪吃的小昆虫闻到香味就会爬过去吃蜜。也许就在它们吃得正得意的时候，脚下突然一滑，一头栽到瓶中，被水液粘住了，再也无法逃命。于是猪笼草得到了一顿美餐。

　　其它吃虫植物如茅膏菜、毛毡苔、捕蝇草等，虽然也能捕捉昆虫，但它们的捕虫工具，远不及猪笼草的精巧复杂。

　　托业考试阅读题中高频短语词组汇总

　　1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。

　　2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

　　3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

　　4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

　　5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有

　　6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 　　7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地

　　8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地

　　9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

　　10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

　　11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据

　　12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性.

　　13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去

　　14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)

　　15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.

　　16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.

　　17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

　　18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告

　　19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.

　　20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

　　21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理

　　22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

　　23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

　　24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

　　25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

　　26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

　　27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

　　28. adjust……(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应

　　29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.

　　30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.

　　31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

　　32. have an advantageover 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

　　33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

　　34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意

　　35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

　　36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.

　　37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.

　　38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.

　　39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计

　　40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.

　　41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.

　　42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.

　　43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.

　　44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.

　　45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for

　　46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉本文来源:考试大网

　　47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

　　48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.

　　49. apply to 与…有关;适用

　　50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准

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