托福阅读蒙题技巧大全
每当托福考试来临时，总有一些同学还没准备好，或者有同学对某一篇阅读的某一题难以下手，这时候猜题大法就派上用场了。虽然说是猜，但也不是点兵点将那种纯靠运气的方法，而是带有一丝技术含量的蒙题法。好奇吗，那就让小编为你介绍一下吧。
托福阅读蒙题技巧
1、用前、后缀猜测词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last。overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有"超过、过于"之意，overwork意思是"工作过多，劳累过度"。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：1)You must stop dreaming and face reality。(-ty为名词的标志)2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)
2、利用合成词猜测词义
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun。根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，comein-income(名词收入) 。阅读速度必须快，为什么都说时间不够，其实还是我们的阅读速度和答题速度不够，一个小时的考试时间，平均二十分钟的时间里我们不仅要完成文章的阅读还有后面的十多道题目要做的，时间可是非常紧张的，所以我们必须要快!阅读速度很大程度的影响着考试速度，除了要熟悉一些阅读方法之外，还必须要提醒自己纠正不好的阅读习惯，例如逐字阅读，出声阅读，或者指着阅读等，这样的习惯只会拖慢阅读的速度。建议大家除了略读、扫描等方式之外，读文章尽量按照句子的意群来读，提高阅读速度的同时还要保证阅读质量。
关系词必须牢记，英文句子的理解更多是去理解句子中逻辑关系，句与句、段落与段落之间也都是用一些逻辑关系词连贯到一起的。所以常见的一些逻辑衔接词一定要牢记，常见的有并列(and, as well)，比较(than, as….as)，因果(because, so, therefore, thus,result from)，递进(also, furthermore)，转折(but, however, yet)等。找到这些逻辑关系，让我们更快的理顺文章脉络，明确文章主旨。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。各位小主想要取得好成绩还是要靠自己的努力。
托福阅读解题技巧
托福阅读中的新题要如何应对呢?小编为大家带来破除新题的方法，同时带来不同的阅读解题技巧，希望能够帮助到正在备考的同学们!
主旨题：
因为新托福阅读文章都带有标题，所以原来几乎每篇文章都会出现的全文主旨题不再出现。
行数对应题：
新托福阅读文章不再像旧托福文章一样标注行号，所以行数对应题目自然就消失了。
另外，旧托福考试中对应文章某处词汇并举的简单排除题在样题中没有出现，但是我们不能确定在正式的考题中是否会出现这一类题型。
按照ETS对样题的解释，阅读部分的题目类型包括fact, inference, insert text, not/except, pronoun reference, rhetorical purpose, vocabulary, sentence simplification, prose summary, schematic table十类。其中，文本插入(insert text)、句子简化(sentence simplification)、文章小结(prose summary)和示意表格(schematic table)这四类题是旧托福中没有的。
A、文本插入：在原文某段落中标记四个位置，要求考生选择最为合适的位置插入题目所给出的一个句子。这类题目实际上在旧托福的机考中已经存在，其主要目的是考察考生对段落结构的掌握和语言连贯性的知识，对于考生来说难度不大。
B、句子简化：在原文中高亮标记一个句子，要求考生从四个选项中选择能够简要表达此句子核心信息的描述。这类题型考察考生对句子的分析和理解能力，以及多样化表达的能力，要求考生能准确理解句子的含义，并能区分核心信息、边缘信息及无关信息。
C、文章小结：题目根据文章内容给出一个概述性的句子，要求考生从6个选项中选择3个表达文章重要观点的概述性句子，从而完成对文章整体内容的概括和小结。这类题目要求考生对文章结构和框架性内容把握准确，并能有效区分文章核心信息和非核心的细节信息。
D、示意表格：题目要求考生对选项内容按照文章的表述进行分类，根据文章的内容把选项填入对应的分类表格中。从样题来看，考生需要从7个选项中选择5个选项进行分类。这类题目主要考察考生对细节内容的掌握，需要考生准确理解文章所涉及到的重要细节。
在这几类题目中，文章小结和示意表格都是多项选择题目，按照ETS的解释，这两类题目的原始分值为2分或3分，而其他类型的题目分值为1分。
四种新题考查目的清晰，考查的是考生对文章内涵的理解能力和整体结构的把握能力及对细节的敏锐程度。张宏伟说，"ETS在本次网上测试中公布的新托福全真试题的确变化较大，出现了一些新题型，听力和语法部分的考查形式改动也较多。但是，这些新题型只是相对现行托福而言，其实题目早见过，不过是借鉴了美国其他一些考试而已。"
另外，阅读由五篇文章改成三篇文章，时间由55分钟变为60分钟，也是新托福的显著变化之一。考生先前传闻阅读部分难度增加了，每篇文章的长度增加了近50%，出现了几种新题型，考生的认识也不无道理。
重要观点题为多项选择题,答案不定项，而句子入位题实际上在美国的CAT(计算机适应性考试)中早就出现了,要求考生快速了解文章的结构，提炼中心思想。句子解释题就细节而言，是让考生解释文章中某句话的内涵，有些考生误把它当作是翻译就大错特错了。这种题在美国SAT考试(相当于国内的高考) 中很普遍，只要多练习，难度也不大。
托福阅读常考的语法
形容词
形容词修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
形容词是修饰回答像"what kind of" 或 "which?" 或 "whose?" 这类的问题。在使用时要注意与副词的区分。
(1)以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly， deadly， lovely， lonely， likely， lively， ugly， brotherly
(2)以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词：daily， weekly， monthly， yearly， early
副词
副词通常修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。(它也可以修饰另一个副词或一个形容词，但是这种情况托福考试里是比较少见的)副词经常回答"how?"
正确的位置：
(1)在动词之前;在be动词、助动词之后。
(2)有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
(3)方式副词well， badly， hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well。
另外，
(1)副词very可修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
I very like English. (×)
I like English very much. (√)
(2)副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
比较
当比较两个事物时，用比较级，也就是-er形式或者用修饰词less和more。当比较多于两个以上的事物时，用最高级，也就是-est形式或者做most和least 修饰。
措辞错误
像包括its/it's，affect/effect，lie/lay这类长相类似的词常常容易被错用，从而引起审阅者的困惑。如果你不能确定如何用这些词的话，就尽量避免使用。
双重否定
与中文不同，在英语里，双重否定很容易出问题，类似于"not none"，"hardly none"和"not never"这样的双重否定都是不正确的。
新托福阅读背景知识分享
Plant adaptation to the desert(背景材料)
Cactus adaptations.
The secret to the superior endurance of cacti lies in their adaptations. Over millions of years, through natural selection, only the strongest and best adapted species survived.
As you know, it is very dry in the desert. Plants that adapt to this are known as xerophytes (from zeros, dry and python, plant). There are plants that avoid the dry season by sprouting from seed just after the spring rain andgrowing very fast so that by the time the dry season comes, they have already produced a lot of seeds and died. These seeds lie on the soil for the dry season and sprout again in spring and the cycle repeats. Other xerophytes simply droptheir leaves and stay dormant for the winter. But there is another special type of xerophytes which stores water in its fleshy tissues. Such plants are called succulents (from success, juicy). The cactus is a typical example of asucculent.
If you cut a cactus open, you see a juicy, slimy tissue. This is where the moisture is stored for the dry season. The part between the middle circle (and pith) and just under the very green part of the plant (or palisade parenchyma)just under the skin is allocated for the storage of water and food for the plant. This is a type of spongy parenchyma and can take up to 85% of the plant's volume. This is a major adaptation in the desert. Because the plant remainscompletely alive during the dry season and there is no need for it to dry up and lose everything, makes it possible for the plant to grow to large sizes. Another advantage is that the plant retains supplies (in the form of starch) forthe winter so that it can flower right away in spring without accumulating more supplies (as most plants need to do in spring). The whole purpose of storing supplies for the winter is mostly to energize flowering in spring but it alsolets the cactus start growing much sooner.
Flowering plants breathe and transpire (evaporate water from their surface) through closeable microscopic pores called stoats on the leaves or stems. To do this, their pores have to be open. In most plants these are open all day andon warm nights. But for cacti this is inconvenient as in daytime it is very hot and thus the plant would lose a lot of water through evaporation. So the cactus must close them in the daytime. But then it cannot breathe or photosynthesize(the process where sugars are made from carbon dioxide and water and releasing oxygen using the sun's energy). Succulents have an adaptation to that. Their stoats are closed during the day and are open at night, when it is not that hotand store carbon dioxide in its tissues as crass lean acid and then turn it back to carbon dioxide in the daytime. This process is called crass lean acid metabolism or CAM and it is a very smart way of respiring in the desert.
If we look at the outside of the plant, we notice that there is a tough leathery skin covering the plant, we can also notice the presence of ribs and spines and sometimes fur. These are all very smart adaptations. They serve mainlyfor surviving heat but are also used as defense.
The tough leathery skin is very impermeable to water, thus reducing evaporation from the surface of the plant. This skin often has a layer of plant wax on it which is often lightly colored (Pilosocereus azures is an example of aplant with such wax), white or blue. This reflects light and also reduces evaporation from the inside.
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