动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式(to do)是英语课的一个重点,也是很多考试中要考查的一个项目。你知道动词不定式的用法有哪些吗?接下来,小编给大家准备了动词不定式的用法总结,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:
To go in for sports helps you
stay fit.(book4,L28)
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示评价的形容词。
例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.
3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例:would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)
4、宾语补足语:
(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。
例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)
(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,make,let,have,help等)后不带to。
例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例:Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.(book4,L1)
6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。
例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。
例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(book4,L2)
8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例:He didn't tell me where to go.
9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”。
例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.
A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后:
a man's job 男人的活儿
the people's choice 人民的选择
men's work 男人的工作
the crew's quarters 船员的舱房
a woman's intuition 女子的直觉
the horse's mouth 马嘴
the butcher's(shop) 肉店
the bull's horns 公牛角
the child's voice 孩子的声音
women's clothes 妇女的服装
the children's room 孩子们的房间
Russia's exports 俄国的出口
B .省字撇(')用于以s结尾的复数名词之后:
a girls' school 一所女子学校
the students' hostel1 学生招待所
the eagles' nest 鹰巢
the Smiths' car 史密斯家的小汽车
C. 以s结尾的古希腊或罗马的姓名之后通常也只加省字撇('):
Pythagoras' Theorem 毕达哥拉斯定理
Archimedes' Law 阿基米德原理
Sophocles' plays 索福克勒斯的戏剧
D. 以s结尾的其他姓氏之后可以用's或单独使用省字撇('):
Mr Jones's/Mr Jones' house琼斯先生的房子
Yeats's/Yeats'poems叶芝的诗
E. 复合名词是在最后一个词之后加's以构成其所有格形式:
my brother-in-law's guitar我姐 /妹夫的吉他
由几个词组成的名字可同样处理:
Henry the Eighth's wives亨利八世的妻子们
the Prince of Wales's helicopter威尔士王储的直升机
's也可用在首字母缩写词之后:
the PM's(Prime Minister's) secretary首相的秘书
the MP's(Member of Parliament's) briefcase议员的公事包
the VIP's(Very Important Person's) escort要人的护送(摩托)队
注意:使用所有格形式时,“被拥有的”人或物之前的定冠词就不用了:
the daughter of the politician=the politician's daughter这位政治家的女儿
the intervention of America=America's intervention美国的干预
the plays of Shakespeare=Shakespeare's plays莎士比亚的戏剧
1.It's time to do sth./It's time for sth 该做某事的时候了
eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。
2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。
3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事
eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?
4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that.
只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。
5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do.
我做的一切都是正确的,我做了一切我该做的事。
6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事
eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。
7.Have sth/nothing to do 与……有关/与……无关
eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。
8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事……
eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。
9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事
eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home.
我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。
10.It's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position.
对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。
11.It's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事
eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers.
一般来说,最好适用于薄层填充材料。
12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间
eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间。
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