托福阅读如何才算是高水平

托福阅读作为英语阅读其实在很多方面大家理解都有问题，有的时候看的看不懂托福阅读文章并不是单纯的词汇量问题，而做的对做不对托福阅读试题也不是简单的理解问题，下面来看看托福阅读如何才算是高水平。

托福阅读如何才算是高水平

在我们传统的观念里，认为一个人英语好，最直观的就是口语好，说起来英文跟美国人说的一样。具体一点，就是做题“正确”，分数高。对于正确的理解，粗看上去很简单。前面一个人说How are you doing? 第二个人说I am great.这就是最简单的正确。

但是如果第二个人说：“I am 心里不爽”。这就是错的。当然，错的方式还有很多比如说回答“I am a student.”这就是理解错。“I am greatly!”这就是语法错。我们之前的英语学习可以说都是纠结在语法错这一点上。但是反过来，问一个问题，如果第二个人回答“I am fine.”或者“I am good.”这算错么?显然这不算错误。当我们明确这一点之后，下面就好理解了。

首先，托福阅读试题考察的，就是你是否理解“I am fine.”或者“I am good.”的准确意思。准备听力和托福阅读的一切时间，都要花在让自己快速准确的理解托福阅读文章或者原文上。这就是新托福考试阅读和听力的规律。当然，你会觉得这一点很简单，那么试着来翻译一下托福阅读里的这句话试试，看看你能不能在30秒之内翻译准确。It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any reduction in price.

正确的疑问应该是：据说：公众和议会对于欺骗性包装的喧嚣的担心开始了，因为参议员哈特发现，他与他的妻子和孩子所购买的那些谷物的盒子正在越来越高越来越窄，重量从12盎司减少到10.5盎司，但是在价格上却没有任何的减少。

可能错误的点：1 是“担心”开始，而不是“喧嚣”开始。 2 consume不是谓语动词，而是一个后置定语。3 这里并不是妻子和孩子越来越高，越来越瘦，而是麦片的盒子越来越高，越来越瘦。

托福阅读背景知识：怎样同时保持好心情和好记忆

Being in a good mood decreases the brain's working memory， US researchers say.

“This explains why you might not be able to remember a phone number you get at a party when you are having a good time，” Elizabeth Martin， a doctoral student of psychology at the University of Missouri， says in a statement. “This research is the first to show that positive mood can negatively impact working memory storage capacity.”

The researchers gauged study participants’ mood before and after showing them a video clip - some saw a bit of a stand-up comedy routine， while others saw a video on how to install flooring.

Those who viewed the comedy routine were in significantly better moods after viewing the video， while the mood of flooring group had not changed. Both groups were then given a memory test.

The study， published in the journal Cognition and Emotion， found those who watched the comedy routine performed significantly worse on the task.

美国研究人员称，好心情可能会降低大脑的工作记忆(属程序性记忆、短时记忆，是一种短暂时刻的知觉)能力。

“这就能解释为什么明明在派对上玩得很开心，却记不住从派对上得到的电话号码，”密苏里大学心理学博士伊丽莎白马丁在一份报告中指出。“该研究首次说明，积极情绪有损于工作记忆容量。”

研究人员在受试者观看视频片段前后对其情绪进行了测量。其中一部分受试者所看的是轻松喜剧节目，另一些人所看的视频则关于如何铺地板。

那些看了喜剧的受试者观后情绪更佳，而“地板视频”受试者观前观后情绪并无波动。两组都接受了记忆测试。

此项刊登于《认知与情感》杂志的研究发现，观看了喜剧的受试者在记忆测试中表现明显差于另一组受试者。

托福阅读背景知识：爱逛街的男人更长寿

It may come as old news to many women， but it seems a bit of retail therapy really is good for you.

A day at the shops can help you live longer， says a study.

And surprisingly， the benefits are actually greater for men.

The study even suggests the long-term survival benefits of shopping are better than going to the gym.

Seeing friends and just people-watching can stave off loneliness and improve psychological health， suggests research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

It looked at almost 1，850 people aged 65 and over living independently at home in Taiwan， who were asked how often they went shopping.

The researchers then tracked how long each of the participants lived by linking individuals to national death registration data between 1999 and 2008.

They found those who shopped daily lived longer than those who shopped less frequently， even after taking account of people’s physical or other health problems.

Going to the shops every day cut the chances of a participant dying during the period of the study by more than a quarter compared with those who don’t shop regularly.

Older men who frequently popped out to the shops had the best survival record， with a reduction of 28 per cent in their chances of dying， while older women saw slightly less benefit with a 23 per cent cut in dying.

Researchers led by Dr Yu-Hung Chang at the National Health Research Institutes， in Zhunan， Taiwan， accept that those who shopped regularly may have been in better health to begin with.

They said： 'An elder who shops less for food would be at risk of poorer diet quality necessary to maintain health. A vicious cycle that involves limited shopping and poor diet could evolve for elders.'

But the study added： ‘In shopping venues， socialising with， or watching others can provide social and mental benefits.

‘Compared with other types of leisure-time physical activity， like formal exercise， which usually requires motivation and sometimes professional instruction， shopping is easier to undertake and maintain.’

托福阅读背景知识：鲨鱼的视觉系统

Wearing a light blue wetsuit that matches the colour of the sea will make you less likely to become the victim of a shark attack， according to researchers. Sharks are completely colour blind and only see things clearly if they are mostly light or dark， scientists have claimed. In a breakthrough that could prove hugely beneficial to divers navigating shark-filled waters， scientists found that the predator - like dolphins， seals and whales - is unable to distinguish between colours. Costumes or wetsuits that camouflage swimmers' bodies in the sea water are less likely to draw a shark's attention than ones with bright， solid colours than emphasise their outline.

Professor Nathan Hart， from the University of Western Australia， said： 'It’s the high contrast against the water rather than the colour itself which is probably attractive to sharks. 'So you should wear perhaps more muted colours or colours that match the background in the water better.' The researchers examined the eyes of dead sharks and found they had only one type of photoreceptor in the retina， indicating they could only see in monochrome.

The U.S. Navy has conducted tests that suggested sharks were able to see yellow most clearly. The tests had been to see what would be the best colour for the lifejackets that pilots wear in case they have to eject and splash down in the ocean. Professor Hart said it was more the high contrast of yellow， not the colour itself， that would increase the visibility for sharks. He said： 'It may be possible to design swimming attire and surf craft that have a lower visual contrast to sharks and are therefore less attractive to them.' The study by researchers at the University of Western Australia and the University of Queensland， is to be published in the German nature journal Natur wissenschaften (Science of Nature).

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