托福阅读归总题解题方法

在托福阅读考试中，很多考生在看到最后一个归总题的时候直接就放弃了，所以对于很多考生而言，归总题几乎就成了考生在考试中的噩梦了。想了解托福阅读归总题解题方法吗，往下看看吧。

托福阅读归总题解题方法

托福阅读考试中的归总题主要考察的是考生理解全文的能力，特别是考察考生对于文章中观点和概念之间的组织结构的理解能力，考生如果想要在这个题目中取得高分，就一定要掌握整篇文章的中心内容以及形成一个文章的整体框架，在读文章的过程中，要特别注意观察每一段中的段首句和段尾句，因为它们往往揭示了每一段中要论述的中心内容。

建议考生每读一段文章就要对这一段话中的主要观点和它们之间的关系进行汇总，而且因为这道题目是以选择题的方式来考察考生的答题能力的，所以考生也需要学会选择，如果在选择题目中出现的内容过于细节，或者是在文章中没有出现的话，一般来说，考生就可以判定这个选项是错误的。

托福阅读常见错误

1.选择题，就是要用排除法

这是一种常见的关于托福阅读的认知错误。要知道四个选项，有三个错误，只有一个正确的，且位置不定，毫无规律可循。试问，选错的概率比选对的概率高50%。所以，排除法并不好用。只有把新托福阅读中选择题当做简答题做，即从原文中找到题干对应答案，再进行选择才是正确，而且往往阅读高手还可以节约掉不必要的阅读选项的时间。

解决方法：选择题，不用排除法，而当做简答题完成。

2.不看标题，直接读文章

这是流行在托福界的一个普遍的错误。如果标题真的没用，那么精于算计的American考官早就取消了。标题是一篇文章的主题所在，理解它，就可以预判文章的内容，甚至是结构。同时提升阅读兴趣，避免新托福阅读考试后疲劳症的出现。

解决方法：标题必须看，而且要预测文章基本结构和大体内容。

3.词汇题，只有增加词汇量才行

要知道在托福的词汇考核中，基本词汇量、构词法分析还有上下文推断是三个考点。意味增加词汇量，只能对基本词汇量和部分构词法词汇起到帮助，对上下文推断收效甚微，这就是为什么经常有考试词汇量大概10,000但是托福阅读仍旧还在24-26分徘徊的原因。所以，托福考试备考生们一定要注意，词汇理解必须基于句子结构搭配，以及上下文分析方可。

解决方法：词汇题，有时需要结合上下文理解，但是词汇量仍旧是基础。

4.最后一题，最后才看

这种观点只有没有经验的菜鸟托福才这样想、并这样做。因为它的最终结果只会是浪费时间重读原文，或YY答案，其正确率根本没有保障。正确之道是先看，而非后看。因为最后一题要么要求总结文章段落大意，要么是分类填表。只有提前了解了题型和基本要求，才能在阅读时有的放矢，让文章阅读只做一遍。不必要的阅读时间缩短了，正确率才会提高。

托福阅读解题原则

1、上下文原则

所谓的上下文原则指的是，在做题的过程中，根据题干的关键词定位，定位到原文的某个句子之后，还需要根据句子的上下文进行理解，有些题目只根据一句话是无法找出正确答案的，这一点需要考试特别注意。例如：TPO7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece , intellectual Romans such as Horace held which of the following opinions about their civilization?从题干的According to paragraph 4和Horace可以把答案定位到第4段最后一句，这句话一开始就有个such，所以应该联系上文，因为上文才是Horace的观点，前面不停说希腊是原创者，罗马只是跟着学，所以罗马没什么有价值的东西。因此考生要特别注意这一点。

2、选项和原文一致原则

所谓的选项和原文一致原则就是正确选项一定是原文内容的同义改写，大家不要主观臆造，才能保证正确率。还有一种常见的现象是学生做完题之后，再次进行检查的时候会改答案，建议考生一定要相信自己的初感觉，不是百分百确定，一般不要改答案。还有一点需要大家注意那就是根据原文选择选项时，不要过多推断，因为美国人都是线性思维，相信自己的初感觉。总的来说，托福阅读要理解选项和原文之间的关系，提高阅读的正确率。

3、开头结尾原则

在托福阅读中，所谓的开头结尾原则跟听力中的开头结尾原则是有些不一样的。在听力中的开头原则指的是整篇文章的开头和结尾，但是在托福阅读中正篇文章的开头结尾固然重要，但是每个段落的开头结尾也是很重要的。每个段落的开头句是段落主题，段落的最后一句话段落总结，都是我们抓住关键信息的重要位置。

托福阅读：无家可归的孩子也能走向成功

Teachers at Arlington Park Learning Center have high expectations for all of their students - including those who are homeless.

This past summer, single mother Angela Arnold moved halfway across the United States, from North Carolina to Dallas, Texas, with her 9-year-old son Jordan. A veteran mortgage lender who'd been laid off, she expected to quickly find a new job here, where the economy’s better. So she rented a room by the week in an extended-stay motel. That was more than six months ago.

When she enrolled Jordan in her neighborhood school, Arlington Park Learning Center’s counselor told her she was considered homeless.

"I’m like, 'Homeless? What do you mean homeless? I’m not homeless,'" says Arnold. "And, like I said, 'I’ve never been put in a situation such as this.' He said, 'Well it’s a homeless program you’re in because you don’t have a home, have an address, you don’t have a residency. I thought ‘Wow, OK.’"

Arnoldis still looking for work while managing with her unemployment check. She is one of more than 100 Arlington Park parents considered homeless. The small school with 246 mostly black and Hispanic students sits close to Interstate 35, a busy highway. The county hospital, a women's shelter and several extended-stay hotels, where the rooms have small kitchens.

"We have a lot of children coming from the hotels and motels out on 35," says Mark Pierce, who runs the school district’s homeless education program, including the one at Arlington Park. "So we have a lot of kids there. Every single day we get new kids from the hotels and motels."

There are at least 5,000 homeless students in Dallas schools. Pierce says families find themselves to be homeless for a variety of reasons.

"A family living with another family, because they’ve been evicted, because they’re fleeing from domestic violence, because they just weren’t able to afford their housing anymore, and just gave it up and moved in with somebody, they’re homeless."

The school district gives their children breakfast, lunch and weekend snacks, and provides transportation to and from the hotels, motels and shelters. It helps parents too, by offering free city bus passes.

Arnoldis grateful for the help she receives. "If it wasn’t for the program they have here, with the clothes, the uniforms they provide, the book bags, because all our things are in storage."

Her 4th grade son, Jordan, says he loves his new school, but not the hotel.

"I wish we were going to have a house to go in. I like Texas better because they have more schools, art schools. It’s kind of good here, because it’s so, it’s so just good to me. It’s all good to me in every way. And then all the teachers, they just want you to have a good day. That’s why they’re so hard on you."

They’re ‘hard’ on the students, says Arlington Park Principal Nikia Smith, because they want them to excel, adding that homelessness is no excuse for low expectations.

"The expectations for learning are still there, and expectations we’ll get them close to the level of proficiency for testing as any of our students who’ve been here all year is still a very big thing we have to deal with," says Smith.

But homeless students have more than academic issues to deal with, says first-grade teacher Jacqueline Smith. It's difficult for their parents to worry about school supplies when they're not sure where their next meal is coming from.

"I needed to adapt, adapting to where I realized I had to go out sometimes and buy the comb, buy the brush, buy the lotion. Have it in my drawer," she says. "They come and their hair wasn’t combed. I had to comb their hair. I had to have wipes, 'Go in the bathroom and wash your face.' In a way, I became mom."

Smith expects to stay at Arlington Park until she retires, because she says, these students are like her kids.

That personalized attention might be paying off. The school’s rank among Texas schools - based on student performance on math and reading tests - keeps improving.

Principal Nikia Smith says it’s not the child’s fault a parent is out of work, on drugs or in jail. But their home situation shouldn’t affect what happens at school. At Arlington Park, she says, students will learn and everyone will defy the odds so they can shine.

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