托福阅读觉得好难，看不懂怎么办
托福阅读觉得好难，看不懂怎么办?不用担心，下面小编就给大家分享一些小建议!希望对大家有所帮助。
托福阅读觉得好难，看不懂怎么办?
掌握了一定的词汇量，在托福阅读考试中有时通篇不见一个生词，可还是看不懂文章，是怎么回事呢?原因一是不知道有些单词的一词多义，二是缺乏必要的语法结构知识，分不清句子中词汇的相互关系和作用。所以，提高新托福阅读能力还要学会分析长句，弄清不同句子成分间的关系。
现在新托虽不直接考语法题，但在口语、写作以及阅读的题型中无不体现出对语法的理解与准确的运用能力。
尤其在口语及写作这两项输出能力的考察上更为突出。比如，如果学好了定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词等相关的语句、语法知识，对于一些指代题，细节题甚至句子释义词会驾轻就熟，如果掌握好倒装句的特点，在阅读中会帮助你理解句意;学会了状语从句，把握好状语从句，熟悉各种连接词的用法，训练自己对一些文章中间一些关键词的敏感度，像but, same, in order to, as...as,很多词，甚至是名词、动词，但都非常有用。
这会对新托福阅读考试中的词汇猜测，修辞手法的理解以及逻辑推理等方面的题型帮助很大。而掌握好虚拟语气的用法，会帮助你更有效地把握作者的态度，写作的意图。总之，学好语法，具备分析长句、难句的能力，是做好阅读的关键。
学会概括、归纳，争取做阅读“超人”
归纳大意是托福阅读理解的重点能力，这就要求考生要具备一定的概括能力。首先，学会研读段首、段尾句，挑出主题句。然后，在新托福阅读训练中，要学会划分段落层次，懂得针对主题句，作者是以何样的手法来展开说明、描述或论述的。
这些能力需要一个长期新托福阅读积累的过程，在托福阅读备考过程中稳步提高自己的英语能力，步步为盈，稳扎稳打，乐观自信的迎接每一天，不要把自己搞得疲惫不堪。
实例讲解托福阅读句子插入题解题思路
句子插入题 Insert Text questions
█ Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. █ Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. █ In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. █ He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were
being depicted in them.
12. Look at the four squares █ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解题思路：
Insert Text question。该题型要求考生将一句话插入到原文四个黑色空格的其中一个当中，使得段落看起来更通顺。首先可以从这个单独的句子中找到暗示点，例如，本题待插入句子为：This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods. 主语部分为：这个对于感情的认知的普遍性。如果待插入句子中出现代词，则代词所指内容应当在该句之前出现，结合这道题目，在这个句子应当插入的空之前必有：对于感情认知的普遍性。这道题目选择第三个黑色方框，其之前的句子为：
Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. 意思是：另外，来自不同文化背景的人能够通过面部表情的识别来判断对方的情绪。来自不同文化背景的人都可以判断出来，这里暗示了universality 普遍性。同时，放在第三个空也可以对应后面的内容。待插入句子说到“demonstrated by using rather simple methods”：可以用简单的方式证明，对应第三个空后方的句子：In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs(在经典的研究项目当中)。
再来看一道题目，
Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ■ Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. ■ The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." ■ By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ■ Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.
11. Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
首先我们来看待插入句子：According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 本句的前半句说道，According to Freud,(根据弗洛伊德的理论); 后半句：impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 被压抑的冲动会持续存在并且需要表达。这个句子是一句概括性的陈述，一般概括性陈述的后方需要有具体的细节句子来提供支持解释。所以这道题目选择第二个空。第二空格之后紧跟：The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines."(从某种意义上讲，弗洛伊德的观点是将人类看做“蒸汽机”)。这里既可以对应Freud，又有具体的细节交代，说持续存在的冲动，就好比蒸汽机，这里的steam engines是解释他观点的具体细节。
再来看一道题目，
■ Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■ Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■ In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■ They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.
Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解题思路： 此题的带插入句子当中并没有代词， 这时我们可以根据关联词来解答题目。带插入句子当中的Consequently(结果是...)可以给我们暗示。带插入句子的含义为：结果是，tunas(金枪鱼)不需要吸水。那么该句子的前方应该在陈述关于导致金枪鱼不需要吸水的内容。此题正确答案选C。在第三个空格之前的这句话：...they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. (金枪鱼失去了像其他鱼类的嘴里所拥有的一块肌肉，这块肌肉用于吸水和从腮里排水。)既然已经失去了这块用来吸水的肌肉，那么自然紧接着陈述，其结果，即金枪鱼不再需要吸水。
实例讲解托福阅读句子简化题解题思路
句子简化题 Sentence Simplification questions
句子简化题是新题型之一，在这里我们先讲解一下。对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换。找到原句中的关键词在选项当中进行同义替换。例如，
In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.
B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.
C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.
D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.
先来看题干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。很多同学采用翻译的方法做题，即首先翻译原句，然后逐个翻译四个选项。这种做法不仅浪费时间，而且对我们读句子的能力要求极高。更好的做法是，首先判断句子的核心信息。这是考题当中为数不多的原句比较简单的句子释义题，原句的核心概念在于强调区分(apart from)。因此找到同义替换，即是C 项当中的distinguished。但是大多数题目的原文不会是一个简单句，多数是带有逻辑关系的复杂句。那么简单的同义替换技巧就无法操作了。如何快速解决这种题型呢?我们主要分两个部分来解析。
其实，我们在读原句的时候并不需要完整的彻底的摄取信息，相反，我们通过快速浏览，只需要关注两个关键点：一是原句当中的表示程度，频率的词，二是原句当中的逻辑关系。并不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速浏览将所关注的信息点抓住即可，这样便节省了大量的时间。
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
解题思路：
句子中最核心的信息首先就是该句的逻辑关系。原句的逻辑关系可以由result from 来判断，为因果关系。借此我们就可以缩小选项范围，首先排除掉C,D 选项。剩下的A,B 两个选项均包含因果的逻辑关系。接下来我们可以根据句子的第二种核心信息：主语，来判断。原句的主语是Desertification 沙漠化，而B 项的主语是Slowing down the process of desertification 减缓沙漠化进程。所以排除掉B 选项，A 为正确答案。
将通过程度词解题和借助逻辑关系解题结合起来，对于解答带有逻辑关系的复杂句的释义题很有帮助。我们看下面这道题目：
It is one of the most important sensations because it is translated into a negative reaction, such as withdrawal from danger.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Escaping from danger is a negative reaction, but it is the most important thing an individual learns.
B. The ability to sense pain is extremely important because pain signals the body to respond to a threat.
C. Experiencing pain is one type of reaction to a negative stimulus; another type is avoiding danger.
D. We experience a lot of sensations, and the most important ones are translated into appropriate actions.
( 本题节选自，新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题，群言出版社，P150，第1 题)
浏览原句，从because 可以看出逻辑关系为因果关系，并且原句当中有绝对化词汇most。仅仅凭借most 这个程度很强的词汇我们可以排除C 选项。因为原文当中带有绝对化词汇而选项中没有，那么这个选项为必错选项。接下来利用逻辑关系排除A 项，A 中为转折关系。而B 恰恰有because 这个词，此外B 中的extremely 可以作为most的同义替换。正确答案为B。
几乎每一篇文章后面都会有一道释义题，因此考生应加强练习。平时在阅读文章，或者报刊杂志的时候不仅仅要把注意力放在读懂原文上，还应该注意原文的逻辑关系，培养根据逻辑关系思考的习惯。另外，一些程度词的存在也会影响我们对原文的精确理解，平时阅读的时候应当多加关注。
实例讲解托福阅读指代题解题技巧
指代题 Reference questions
指代题在托福考试中题量大约为0-2 个，主要考察学生能否找到原文中代词的指代对象。解决指代题最基本的原则为：单复数与人称一致，前指且符合句意。
It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
5. The word it in the passage refers to
○ Pakicetus
○ Fish
○ Life
○ ocean
本句代词作主语，在结构上指代上一句话主句中的名词主语，即A 选项的Pakicetus。也可以采用带入的方法，将选项逐一带入，符合搭配的只有A 选项，其余选项，B fish鱼类，C life 生命，D ocean 海洋， 都无法“bred and gave birth，哺育后代”。 目前十大题型中的指代题基本已经不考，但是相应的指代的原则有可能融入到其他题目中考查，最常见的考查方式即放在句子简化题或者句子插入题中一并考查。
实例讲解托福阅读词汇题解题技巧
词汇题 Vocabulary questions
在托福考试当中，词汇题的主要目的是考察考生能否识别词汇在陌生语境中的含义。既然强调语境，那么通过识别生词附近的语境含义，往往可以推测出生词的含义。我们来看一道新托福考试官方指南上的题目：
Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.
6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ Explained
○ Visible
○ Identified
○ Located
这道题目很多同学会选择第四个选项(locate： 坐落于…)，将这个含义带入到语句当中，意思也通顺，指Basilosaurus 坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是这里需要注意的是，托福的词汇题并不是选项带入搭配合适就一定能找到正确答案，而是应该从语境入手来选择。正确的做法是，首先查看生词附近有无并列，转折等语境上的含义暗示。本句当中，生词的前方有“and”来暗示并列，而从句子结构来看，前半句中的动词“found”，意思是“找到，发现”，那么后半句的exposed 对应语境也应该强调发现某物，即找到，或者看见某物。因此这道题目的正确答案选择B(visible：可看见的)。
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