托福阅读容易忽视的词汇内容
为了帮助大家备考托福。提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读容易忽视的词汇内容，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读容易忽视的词汇内容
1、似曾相识，却不知其确切含义
2、一词多义，只知其一不知其二
3、熟词僻义，熟者过熟僻者极僻
perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景
prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找
appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激
elaborate v. &adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的
address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲
appropriate v. 拨给(资金)， 盗用/ adj.合适的
strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧
article n. 物品，商品
intrigue v. &n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋
intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的
assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设
bark n. 树皮; 犬吠
bill n.议案，法案; .鸟嘴;账单
champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军
aging n.老化，陈酿
complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的
concern n. 公司(垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译)
attribute v. &n 归因于;特征，属性
default n. &v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认(值)
drill vt. 钻(孔);训练，操练
exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩
fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地
fairly adv. 相当地，公平地
game n. 猎物，野味;
fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式
inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的
alternate v. &adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的
alternating adj.交互的，交替的
alternative n. &adj. 可供选择的方案(option);
选择性的(optional)
figure n. 人物;体形
hit n. 轰动一时的人物或作品vt. 偶然碰见
find n. 发现(物)
spring v. &n 跃出，触发;弹簧，弹性;泉水
humor n.体液
import v. &n 重要;进口
preserve v. &n. 禁猎区;蜜饯;保护
quality adj. &n 1.优质的;性质，品质
issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题
jar v. &n 震动;坛子
envision v.想象，预想
literature n. 文献;文学
lot n. 一块地;命运，签
fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款
minute adj. 微小的，细小的
novel adj. 新颖的
casual 偶然的，随便的
causal 原因的，因果关系的
pound v. 猛击;乱敲
rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的
produce n. 产品(尤指农产品)
project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程
relief n. 凸起,浮雕;(痛苦)减轻，安慰
provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
save conj. 除了
rent 断口，裂缝
rift 裂缝, 「地质」断裂
pronounced adj. 断然的，显著的
scale v. &n 攀登; 天平,刻度; 鳞; 规模，范围;「音」音阶
school n. (鱼)群;学派，流派
genre n. 类型，流派
score n. 「音乐」乐谱;刻痕;得分
screen v. &n 筛，过滤(器);掩蔽，屏风;屏幕
secure v. &adj. 得到;使安全;安全的
acquire 获得
season v. 调味
spot v. &n发现，认出，定位;斑点;场所
stand v. 经受，忍受
wind v. 绕缠
weather 风化，侵蚀
wear v.磨损，销蚀
stem v. &n 滋生，起源于; 茎
temper n. 增效剂;(灰泥的)稠度;脾气，性情
wage v. 实行，发动(战争等) n.工资
托福阅读材料：第一次世界大战前的内外政策
1889年美国召开泛美会议，1898年美西战争爆发，美国击败了西班牙，夺取了加勒比海的古巴和波多黎各、太平洋的关岛及菲律宾群岛，接着合并了夏威夷群岛。1903年美国夺取了巴拿马运河区。在远东，1899年美国提出对华“门户开放”政策。美国在1904-1905年日俄战争中支持日本。在日俄战争结束后，美日双方经过谈判，于1908年签订了罗脱—高平协定。在1912年总统选举中，民主党总统候选人T.W.威尔逊上台。威尔逊以“新自由”作为号召进行改革，降低关税，建立联邦储备银行制度，通过克莱顿反托拉斯法(1914)，征收累进所得税。该时期美国在对外政策上，对西半球墨西哥、尼加拉瓜等国进行了武装干涉。
第一次世界大战至20世纪20年代末的美国
第一次世界大战开始后，美国宣布中立，向交战双方提供军火，不久又对协约国进行贷款。1916年，威尔逊当选连任。1917年，美国在德国潜艇击沉美国船只后，于4月6日对德宣战。大战期间由于国外移民中断，黑人大量北移，并人伍出国作战，开拓了视野。1918年11月，威尔逊签署对德停战协定。第一次世界大战促进了美国的经济繁荣。战后，美国由欠60亿美元的债务国而成为贷出100亿美元的债权国，美国成为最富有的国家。1921年共和党W.G.哈定执政，正值美国陷入全面经济萧条。他提出“工业正常化”和”抢救资本主义”政策;1923-1929年世界资本主义进人相对稳定时期。美国国内由于固定资本更新，建筑业兴起，汽车和钢铁工业等扩大以及商品和资本输出激增，1923年美国工商业出现了新高涨。与此同时，美国第2次企业“合并浪潮”(即进一步托拉斯化)，遍及银行业、工业部门，特别是水、电、煤气公用事业，甚至扩展到零售商业部门。共和党人C，柯立芝执政时期是美国经济繁荣时期。私人垄断资本大为发展。但由于国内新兴工业畸形发展与生产过剩，使国民经济各部门比例严重失调，生产和消费脱节，农业长期陷于慢性危机，1929年10月美国首先爆发经济危机，随后资本主义各国陆续陷入1929-1933年世界性经济危机。
大萧条 (Great Depression)
=====================
20世纪30年代的美国
民主党人F.D.罗斯福1933年就任第32届总统。罗斯福政府实行了由国家对经济进行广泛干预、调节的“新政”，整顿金融，复兴工农业，举办救济事业等，挽救了美国的严重经济危机，并加强了国家垄断资本主义。1933年11月，美国与苏联建交，对拉丁美洲采取“睦邻政策”。1937年新的经济危机再度出现。次年，罗斯福采用扩大赤字开支的办法，使这次危机有所缓解;第二次世界大战爆发后，美国重振军备，才使经济得到恢复，走向繁荣。
新政(New Deal)
睦邻政策 (Good Neighbor Policy)
托福阅读材料：陨石与人类起源研究
A meteorite found in Antarctica could lend weight to the argument that life on Earth might have been kick-started from space, scientists are claiming.
Chemical analysis of the meteorite shows it to be rich in the gas ammonia.
It contains the element nitrogen, found in the proteins and DNA that form the basis of life as we know it.
The researchers say meteorites like this could have showered the early Earth, providing the missing ingredients for life.
Details of the study by researchers at Arizona State University and the University of California, Santa Cruz, are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Life story
The new study is based on analysis of just under 4g of powder extracted from a meteorite called Grave Nunataks 95229 (named after its place of discovery in Antarctica), discovered in 1995.
On treatment, the powder sample was shown to contain abundant amounts of ammonia as well as hydrocarbons.
Professor Sandra Pizzarello, who led the research, says the study "shows that there are asteroids out there that when fragmented and become meteorites, could have showered the Earth with an attractive mix of components, including a large amount of ammonia".
Meteorites like this could have supplied the early Earth with enough nitrogen in the right form for primitive life forms to emerge, she says.
Previous studies have focused on the "Murchison" meteorite, which hit Australia in 1969, which was found to be rich in organic compounds.
The professor says Murchison is "too much of a good thing" and contains hydrocarbon molecules which you would expect to find at the end rather than the start of the life story.
She believes the composition of these compounds are too complex and too random in their molecular shape to have played a role in life on Earth.
Asteroid belt
The theory that our planet may have been seeded by a comet or asteroid arises partly from the belief the formative Earth might not have been able to provide the full inventory of simple molecules needed for the processes which led to primitive life.
The suggestions is that the Asteroid Belt, between Mars and Jupiter, away from the heat and pressure of the forming planets, could have been a better place for such processes.
Collisions between asteroids within the belt produce meteoroids which shoot off around the Solar System and which can carry materials to the Earth.
Dr Caroline Smith, a meteorite expert at London's Natural History Museum agrees the important element in the new study is the nitrogen, even though she would like to see similar results repeated in other meteorites.
"One of the problems with early biology on the early Earth is you need abundant nitrogen for all these prebiological processes to happen - and of course nitrogen is in ammonia.
"A lot of the evidence shows that ammonia was not present in much abundance in the early Earth, so where did it come from?"
What specifically caused life to begin on Earth remains a mystery. Professor Pizzarello hypothesises material from a meteorite may have interacted with environments on Earth such as volcanoes or tidal pools, but says all remains a matter of guess work.
"You find these extraterrestrial materials (in meteorites) which have what you need," she says, "but on the how and when, in which environments and by what means - really, we don't know."
"You can only say that yes, it seems that the extraterrestrial environments could have had the good stuff."
托福阅读材料：童年幸福长大更容易离婚
常规想来，都会觉得童年幸福的人性格更加的活跃开朗，未来的人生道路也能顺利坦然，然而一个惊人的发现雷倒众人：童年幸福长大更容易离婚。
Those who enjoyed an idyllic childhood could find that life has a nasty trick in store because, it seems, they are more likely to divorce.
那些享受过幸福童年的人们或许在将来会发现，儿时的快乐在不经意间却埋下了日后导致婚姻破裂的祸根。
Researchers found that men and women with a stable upbringing could have more confidence and so be more ready to leave a failing relationship.
研究者们发现，那些成长过程一帆风顺的人群们对于个人也有更多的自信，对于一段发展不顺的感情关系也倾向于抽身离开。
For the long-term project at Cambridge University, thousands of Britons born in one week in 1946 were studied.
有一项英国剑桥大学的长期调查，研究了在1946年同一周所出生的英国人。
When they were in their teens, teachers rated them for happiness, friendliness and energy. Problems such as restlessness, disobedience and anxiety were noted.
他们在少年时期被认为是幸福、有爱并充满活力的孩子，不过也会出现按燥不安、忤逆不顺与焦躁心烦等情况。
Decades later, information about their lives was also collected and analysed. Professor Felicia Huppert, director of the university’s Well-being Institute, commented on the findings on marriage break-up.
数十载后，研究者们再度对这批人的生活信息进行了收集与分析。该项目的主要负责人指出了造成该批人群婚姻破裂的缘由。
‘One factor might be that positive children have higher self-esteem than their peers and are more willing to leave a marriage if it is not meeting their needs,’ she said.
“其中的一个因素是这些积极的孩子通常都有更高的自尊，以至于当他们发现婚礼以无法满足他们的需求时便更加远离结束这段关系。”
Other findings were more predictable.
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